The Horizontal Steam Turbine For Stationary Plants 1920
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THE HORIZONTAL STEAM TURBINE
STATIONARY PLANTS
Field of Service; Classification; Types; Construction; Princip le of Operation;
Transmission of Power; Lubrication; Oil; Deposits
FIELD OF SERVICE
Horizontal steam turbines for stationary
plants are built in a wide range of sizes.
Small turbines, up to 300 hp., running
30,000 to 3,000 revolutions per minute are
used for operating high speed centrifugal
pumps, for driving exhausters, exciter sets,
small lighting plants, etc.
Turbines from 300 to 50,000 hp., run-
ning from 3,600 to 750 revolutions per
minute, are used to drive electric generators
furnishing power and light in collieries, Steel
works, paper miils, textile milis, Street rail-
way and industrial power stations.
CLASSIFICATION
Steam turbines are classified according to
the way in which steam is used:
High Pressure Turbines
Exhaust Turbines
Mixed Pressure Turbines
High Pressure Turbines
High pressure turbines use steam at a
boiler pressure of from 160 Ibs. to 200 Ibs.
per square inch. The steam, before it leaves
the boiler, is sometimes further heated, as
a result of which its maximum value in heat
units is utilized. The resultant dry steam is
called superheated steam.
Exhaust Turbines
Exhaust turbines use the exhaust steam
from reciprocating engines, i.e., plant en-
gines, steam hammers, rolling mili engines,
colliery winding engines, etc. The pressure
of exhaust steam is low, only a few pounds
per square inch.
Before entering the turbine, the steam
passes through an accumulator or receiver (a
large enclosed reservoir) which establishes
a regular flow of steam from the reciprocating
engines to the turbine.
Where exhaust steam from large recip-
rocating engines is used, it is necessary that
impurities in the steam, carried over from
the boilers, and the excess oil used in steam
cylinder lubrication, be thoroughly separated
from the steam. Otherwise the turbine
blades will become coated and the power of
the turbine diminished.
Exhaust steam is always very moist, and
carries fine particles of water in suspension.
The steam usually is cleaned by means of
separators placed in the exhaust steam lines
between the engine and the turbine.
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