The Horizontal Steam Turbine For Stationary Plants

to insure quiet running. It is made of forged, open hearth Steel perfectly ground and finished. It is carried in two bearings: (aFz) of the ring-oiled type and (bF8) a ring-oiled thrust bearing designed to prevent endwise move- ment and to hold the bucket wheels (aF6 and bF6) in the correct position relative to the vertical plane of the nozzles (H, Fig. 3) and the stationary guide vanes (Ai). The wheels (aF6 and bF6, Fig. 2) keyed to the shaft are forged Steel circular disks. A separate wheel is provided for each row of buckets. The buckets are made of nickei bronze and are securely fixed to the rim of the wheel. Metallic ring packing (A3, Fig. 2) is fitted to the shaft to prevent leakage of steam from the wheel case (A, Fig. 3) outward, or of air inward. In the multi-stage construction of the im- pulse type turbine, the steam leakage from stage to stage is prevented by the use of a labyrinth packing (Fig. 6). Carbon pack- ing (Fig. 5) is also employed. The Turbine Casing Fig. 3 illustrates a view from above of an impulse type turbine with the top half of the Fig. 2. Two disk rotor, bearings and go vernor wheel case (A) lifted off and the rotating parts and bearings (shown in Fig. 2) re- moved. The individual steam nozzles (H, Fig. 3) by which the steam is directed upon the first row of moving buckets on the wheel (aF6, Fig. 2) are also shown. Inasmuch as full steam expansion takes place in the nozzles, the only parts of the turbine which come in contact with steam at boiler pressure and temperature are the governor val ve (Hy, Fig. 3), the steam chest Fig. 3. Interiör of lower half of casing (H2) and the inlet ends (not shown) of the nozzles (H). No internal parts (Fig. 2) are subjected to temperature of steam higher than that cor- responding to the pressure of the expanded steam from the nozzles (H, Fig. 3). The intermediate guide vanes (Ai, Fig. 3) re-direct the steam from the moving buckets of the first wheel (aF6, Fig. 2) to the moving buckets of the second wheel (bF6). The bearing brackets (F2, F8, Fig. 3) are supported directly upon the turbine casing and are quite separate from the stuffing boxes (H3), which prevent the leakage of steam or water from the casing (A) into the bearings or oil reservoirs (F2, F8). The Reaction Type Turbine (Fig. 4) The Turbine Casing The turbine casing (A) is built of cast iron in two parts, bolted together in the hori- zontal plane of the center of the turbine shaft. It is a steam-tight cylinder in which are fixed the stationary blades (Az) used for re-directing the steam from one set to the 7