The Principles of Scientific Management

38 THE PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT recorded, indexed, etc. The practical use of scientific data also calls for a room in which to keep the books, records,1 etc., and a desk for the planner to work at. Thus all of the planning which under the old system was done by the workman, as a result of his personal experience, must of necessity under the new system be done by the management in accordance with the laws of the science; because even if the workman was well suited to the development and use of scientific data, it would be physically impossible for him to work at his machine and at a desk at the same time. It is also clear that in most cases one type of man is needed to plan ahead and an entirely different type to execute the work. The man in the planning room, whose specialty under scientific management is planning ahead, in- variably finds that the work can be done better and more economically by a subdivision of the labor; each act of each mechanic, for example, should be preceded by various preparatory acts done by other men. And all of this involves, as we have said, “an almost equal division of the responsi- bility and the work between the management and the workman.” To summarize: Under the management of ainitia- tive and incentive” practically the whole problem is “up to the workman,” while under scientific management fully one-half of the problem is “up to the management.” 1For example, the records containing the data used under scientific management in an ordinary machine-shop fill thousands of pages.