The Principles of Scientific Management

92 THE PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT girl spent her time and an accurate time study was undertaken, through the use of a stop-watch and record blanks, to determine how fast each kind of inspection should be done, and to establish the exact conditions under which each girl could do her quickest and best work, while at the same time guarding against giving her a task so severe that there was danger from over fatigue or exhaustion. This investigation showed that the girls spent a con- siderable part of their time either in partial idle- ness, talking and half working, or in actually doing nothing. Even when the hours of labor had been shortened from 10| to 84 hours, a close observation of the girls showed that after about an hour and one-half of con- secutive work they began to get nervous. They evi- dently needed a rest. It is wise to stop short of the point at which overstrain begins, so we arranged for them to have a ten minutes period for recreation at the end of each hour and one quarter. During these recess periods (two of ten minutes each in the morning and two in the afternoon) they were obliged to stop work and were encouraged to leave their seats and get a complete change of occupation by walking around and talking, etc. In one respect no doubt some people will say that these girls were brutally treated. They were seated so far apart that they could not conveniently talk while at work. Shortening their hours of labor, however, and providing so far as we knew the most favorable