The Locomotive Of Today

124 The Framing, Wheels, etc. : Bar Frames, etc. and also act as expansion clamp bearers, for, as in the design illustrated, the boiler is entirely above the frames, the firebox bottom being made of a shape similiar in outline to the top of the frame, as represented by a dotted line; large plates are fixed to the sides and carried on either side of the frames for securing the boiler from side movement, but they permit of its sliding along when expansion from heat takes place. As the frame bars are about 4-in. square in section, the distance they are apart transversely would permit of only a very narrow firebox, if it were placed between them, therefore in many recent American designs, the boiler is placed as represented. The “ pilot ” is strongly built up and well stayed and supported by struts to the front bumper, which is usually of wood, it is also strutted from the bottom of the cylinder casting between the frames. The bumper is further supported by stays from the sides of the smokebox, these being shown at the front ends of views A and B, and upon the front elevation at C. The pilot is provided for removing any obstacles from the track, in the form of stray animals, etc., as many of the American roads pass through wild and unsettled country, with little protection from fences. The cylinders are placed in position between the two lugs or projections forged upon the top of the front rail, they are firmly wedged between these and held by several bolts passed through the casting, which forms a frame stay as well as a support for the boiler and smokebox. There are no outside frames provided as in European engines, the footplates or running boards being carried upon brackets projecting from the boiler at a consiclerable height, a step upon the side of the pilot enables a man to mount to the bumper, another step upon a support up from the bumper allows him to reach the running board, headlights, etc. These steps are seen in views A B and C. D is a section taken just behind the cylinders, and shows the guide yoke and boiler support; the rocker shaft bearings are fixed to the frames and the guide yoke to them. The back view of the end casting of the engine is shown at E, from it the method of securing the ends together and the large proportions of the cab will be seen ; this latter in America is much larger than here, as the loading gauge of the railways allows a height of 15-ft. 6-in. to the top of the chimney, as against 13-ft. here, and some 10-ft. in width, as contrasted with about g-ft. here, it is therefore possible to pitch the centre line of the boiler higher, and consequently have one of a larger diameter; then to secure a good view of