Engineering Wonders of the World
Volume III
Forfatter: Archibald Williams
År: 1945
Serie: Engineering Wonders of the World
Forlag: Thomas Nelson and Sons
Sted: London, Edinburgh, Dublin and New York
Sider: 407
UDK: 600 eng- gl
With 424 Illustrations, Maps, and Diagrams
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264
ENGINEERING WONDERS OF THE WORLD.
molten pig-iron in a suitable vessel, called a
converter, and burning out the silicon, man-
ganese, and carbon. The converter of present-
day type is a large pear-shaped vessel built
up of heavy steel plates riveted together and
mounted upon
trunnions so as
to be free to
rotate or tip.
It is lined in-
side with re-
fractory brick
work, which is
as much as two
feet thick at
the bottom, to
withstand the
heat. The only
opening is at
the top of
the truncated
cone - shaped
spout, and the
metal is teemed
in and out by
rotating the
vessel on its
trunnions. The
air-blast, sup-
plied by large
blowing en-
gines at a pres-
sure of about
15 lbs. per
. A BESSEMER CONVERTER IN BLAST,
square inch,
one of the trunnions, which is
for the purpose. From this
trunnion it passes down the
side of the converter, and
enters through openings, called
tuyeres, in the bottom, from
which the liquid metal is excluded by the
air pressure. The mouth of the converter is
tipped downwards to allow the introduction
of the molten iron brought from the metal-
made hollow
The Bessemer
Process of
Steel=making\
mixers. These large mixers or storage fur-
naces are used as reservoirs, into which the
metal from the blast furnaces is teemed by
means of ladles. Their use precludes the
necessity for casting the iron into pigs and
remelting it
for the con-
verter — which
means a great
economy in
fuel and lab-
our. After the
metal has been
poured into the
converter, the
blast is started
and the con-
verter brought
gradually into
an upright
position. The
condition of
the charge is
judged by the
colour of the
burning gases
escaping, and
great judg-
ment is re-
quired to de-
cide when the
c o n v e r sion,
which lasts
only about fif-
teen minutes,
is complete. There are now several modifica-
tions of the original process, one being the
Tropenas, in which the air is blown in at the
surface of the metal. The capacity of con-
verters ranges from 3 to 20 tons ; from 8 to
16 tons is the most common practice. Tipping
is effected and controlled by means of either
hydraulic cylinders or electro-motors arranged
to rotate the converter through gearing driv-
ing on to one of the trunnions.