Engineering Wonders of the World
Volume III

185; shafts of tube railways, I., 236; skyscraper, II., 348. United States, irrigation in the, see “ Irrigation Work in the United States,” II., 81-102. V Vacuum brake, II., 246-248. Valve gears—Joy, II., 251 ; Stephenson, 245 ; Walschaert, 256. Valves, automatic, in aqueduct pipe lines, III., 187, 188. Van Home, Sir William, I., 268. Ventilation, tunnel—Arlberg, III., 154 ; St. Gothard, 153 ; Simplon, 156, 1G0. Viaducts of Florida East Coast Exten- sion Railway, I., 133. Victoria Bridge, The Great, I., 205- 214. The St. Lawrence a great obstacle to intercommunication, 205 ; A. M. Ross draws out plans, 206 ; Robert Stephenson visits Canada to examine site, 206 ; ice “ shovings,” 206 ; work begins, 207 ; hygienic diffi- culties, 208; dams carried away by ice, 208 ; financial troubles, 209 ; preparations for building the tubes, 210; careful manufacture, 210; the end in sight, 210; working against time, 210 ; disaster threat- ened, 211 ; tube completed just in time, 211 ; a description of the operations, 212 ; painting the tubes, 212 ; bridge opened, 213 ; a grace- ful act, 214. Victoria, Vancouver Island, I., 285. Victoria Falls described, I., 90, 92 ; II., 154; see “ Zambesi Bridge, The Great,” I., 90-101. Viking ship, I., 313. Voisin biplane, III., 21, 23. W Walker, T. A., contractor for Severn Tunnel, I., 81, 84, 88, 89; con- tractor for the Manchester Ship Canal, I., 157. Warrior, the, I., 399. Watts, Sir Philip, I., 390. Warships, I., 385-396. The battleship, 385 ; defensive qualities, 385 ; ordnance v. armour, 386 ; magazines, 386 ; new battle- ships, 388; H.M.S. Dreadnought, 388 ; the Dreadnought's guns, 388 ; penetrative power of 12-inch. gun, 390; speed of battleships, 390; advantages of turbine machinery, 390; cost of warships, 390. Pro- tected cruisers, 391. Armoured cruisers, 391. Scouts, 393. Sloops and gunboats, 393. Torpedo craft, 393; fast destroyers, 395; a de- stroyer’s trials, 395. Submarine boats, 396. Warship of the Future, The, I., 453- 456. Warship, salving a, see “ Salving of the Gladiator," I., 41-48. Washington, George, and the canals of the United States, III., 163, 165. Water-jet for pile-driving, IL, 121. Water-Power Stations of Niagara Falls, The, IL, 295-311. Niagara River and Falls, 295; physical features of the river, 296 ; and falls, 296; early history of power development, 298. Hy- [401 ] TUNNELS, WATER: Croton aqueduct, II., 105 ; Cyn- ynion, Liverpool aqueduct, III., 182 ; Dolau, Birmingham aqueduct, III., 191 ; Electrical Development Company’s, II., 308, 309 ; Foel, Birmingham, aqueduct, III., 191 ; Gunnison, II., 95, 97, 98 ; Hirnant, Liverpool aqueduct, III., 182; Knighton, Birmingham aqueduct, III., 191 ; Llanforda, Liverpool aqueduct, III., 182 ; Niagara Falls Power Company’s, II., 301 ; Periyar, III., 245 ; Thirlmere aqueduct, III., 183. Turbines, steam—advantages of, II., 36 ; Curtis, II., 36 ; combined with piston engines on ships, IL, 40, 41; Parsons, II., 36-38; III., 231 ; Rateau, II., 36 ; Zoelly, II., 36. Turbines, water, II., 300, 302, 304, 306. Turbinia, I., 422. Twelvetrees, W. Noble, on “ Steel-Frame Buildings,” II., 1-21 ; on “ Rein- forced Concrete Construction,” II., 418-432; on “ The Story of the Lighthouse,” I., 370-384. Tyres, motor car, III., 327. U Uganda Railway, The, II., 50-64. The title a misnomer, 50 ; first suggestion for the line, 50 ; decision to connect Victoria Nyanza with Mombasa, 51 ; construction advo- cated by prominent statesmen, 51 ; preliminary survey made, 53 ; line commenced in 1895, 53 ; Salisbury Bridge, 53 ; gauge of line one metre, 64 ; first section to Nairobi de- scribed, 54; Nairobi, its quick growth, 54; difficult construction in hills west of Nairobi, 54 ; Indian coolies imported, 55 ; Uganda rail- way an extraordinary feat of engin- eering, 55 ; great elevation attained, 65 ; adventures with lions at Tsavo, 56 ; lions cause the shifting of the construction camp, 56 ; fatal care- lessness, 57 ; a humorous incident, 67; an extraordinary notice, 57, 68 ; the Kikuyu escarpment and the Mau Valley, 58; tremendous gradients, 58; much bridging needed, 59; construction delays, 59; ma- rauding natives and measures to outwit them, 59, 61 ; locomotives, water supply, and rolling stock, 62 ; “ wash-outs,” 63 ; living telegraph poles, 63; the railway a credit to all concerned, 63, 64; table of distances, 64. Uncompahgre irrigation project, II., 95-98. Underground Freight Railways of Chicago, The, I., 359-367. An underground distribution sys- tem needed, 360 ; what the system has effected, 360; constructional difficulties, 361 ; work done quietly, 362 ; “ telephone ” tunnels, 362 ; surveying the streets, 363 ; build- ing the subways, 364; removing excavated material, 365; direct connection with warehouses, 365; carrying the mails, 365 ; extent of subways and equipment, 367. Underpinning—churches, see “Great Un- derpinning Achievements,” III., 312; shafts of Thames Tunnel, I., DRAULic Power and Manufactur- ing Company : formed in 1877, 299; hydro-electric installation, 1881, 299 ; power station No. 2, 1895, 303 ; power station No. 3, 1903, 303 ; description of stations, 304. Principles of a hydraulic power station, 299, 300. Niagara Falls Power Company, 300 ; in- take, 300 ; wheel pit and penstocks, 301 ; generators and automatic governors, 301 ; turbinas and gener- ators, 302 ; transformers, 302 ; dis- tribution of current, 303. Canadian Company, 303 ; controlled by Ni- agara Falls Power Company, 303 ; the plant, 303. Ontario Power Company, 305; huge conduits, 6,300 feet long, 305 ; the intake, 306; power station, 306; dis- tributing station and transmission lines, 306, 307. Electrical De- velopment Company, 307; two bold and original conceptions, 308 ; wonderful engineering at the intake, 308 ; wheel pit and turbines, 308 ; discharge tunnel emptying behind the falls, 309 ; a remarkable ex- perience for visitors, 309 ; power house, 309 ; transmission line, 310 ; are the Falls imperilled ? 310; industries at Niagara Falls, 310; wonderful activity, 311. Water Supply of London, see “ How London gets its Water,” III., 193- 208. Water Supply of New York City, The, III., 97-112. New York’s demand for water, 97 ; growth of population, 97 ; first Croton River project, 98 ; the old Croton dam, 98 ; first Croton aque- duct, 98 ; second pipe line laid to increase supply, 99 ; fresh schemes, 99; Board of Aqueduct Commis- sioners formed, 99; New Croton project), 99 ; the aqueduct, 100; New Croton dam, 101 ; a probable catastrophe avoided, 101 ; huge dimensions of the dam, 101; material excavated, 101 ; Cross River dam, 102 ; present daily consumption of water in New York, 103 ; further supply called for, 103 ; Catskill Mountains selected as gathering ground, 103; tenders called for, 104 ; the Ashokan reservoir, 104 ; central weir and dikes, 105; the Olive Bridge dam, 105, 106 ; esti- mates of cost of scheme, 106; features of the dam, 106 ; expansion and contraction joints, 106, 107; the reservoir basin, 107 ; Catskill aqueduct, its course to Staten Island, 108, 109 ; a colossal enter- prise, 109 ; facts and figures, 109 ; exploratory work, 110; twenty- five miles of trial borings, 110; list of syphons, 111 ; the Hudson River a serious obstacle, 111 ; trial boring 1,030 feet deep does not reach sound rock, 111 ; provision for future increase in supply, 111, 112. Water-tight compartments, I., 390. Water towers—Lake Vyrnwy, III., 181 ; Norton, 181. ! Watt, James, improves steam engines, HI., 195. i Waves—force of, I., 380, 384 ; III., 65, 67, 72, 74 ; nature of, III., 65.