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Animated Pictures 329 features the device which had appeared in 1861, be- cause it belonged to what is known as the “ peep-hole ” class of machine. That is to say, only one person could witness the movement at a time, and that by applying the eyes to the aperture in the cabinet pro- vided for the purpose, the viewer saw the pictures pass in rapid succession. But Edison’s “ kineto- scope ” represented a decided advance upon any machines for portraying animation by photography which had hitherto appeared, because in this instance the pictures were no longer printed upon glass. The transparent images, 1 inch in width by J inch deep, were printed upon a long band of celluloid, which was coiled to and fro around drums to form an endless length. The “ kinetoscope ” was rendered possible by two inventions which had appeared a short time pre- viously—two inventions of such far-reaching import as to revolutionise the whole art of photography, not in one phase, but in all its aspects. The short- comings of glass had long been appreciated. It was fragile, bulky, and weighty. Many efforts to dis- cover an efficient substitute were made, but they proved abortive. It was not until J. S. Hyatt, an industrial chemist, announced his invention, celluloid, that any progress could be recorded. Here was an ideal base to take the place of glass. It was extremely light, could be accommodated in small space, was inexpensive, and although highly inflammable, pos- sessed so many other advantages as to recommend its utilisation for photographic purposes. But the celluloid available was not suited to photography. It had to be adapted to the new