All About Engines
Forfatter: Edward Cressy
År: 1918
Forlag: Cassell and Company, LTD
Sted: London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne
Sider: 352
UDK: 621 1
With a coloured Frontispiece, and 182 halftone Illustrations and Diagrams.
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2i4 All About Engines
now leave the general principles and proceed shortly
to examine engines for motor-cars, motor-boats, and
aeroplanes.
The enormous extension of motor traffic during
the last fifteen years has made heavy demands upon
the world’s supply of petrol, and the price of this
fuel rose from 8d. to is. gd. a gallon even before the
war. It was natural, therefore, for owners of petrol
engines to look around for a cheaper fuel, and among
those most easily obtainable were paraffin, benzol
or benzene, and alcohol. Paraffin is ordinary illu-
minating oil, such as is used in lamps. Benzol is
produced when coal is distilled, in the manufacture
of coal gas, and alcohol is obtained when vegetable
matter ferments. All are inflammable, but do not
vaporise so easily as petrol, while there is such a
heavy duty on alcohol that the price is prohibitive.
Before the war benzol, which was only two-thirds the
price of illuminating oil, and paraffin, which was still
cheaper, were both used. The only disadvantage
is that the engine will not start with them. Once,
however, the carburettor has become warmed up
they work very well.
Many engines are made to start on petrol and then
work with paraffin or benzol. Other engines are
made to work with paraffin or benzol altogether, and
are provided with a vaporising chamber which can
be heated up by a lamp. This is surrounded by a
jacket through which the exhaust gases pass, so that
when once it has been heated it remains hot enough
to vaporise the fuel as long as the engine is working.