History of the Typewriter

— 149 — assumed several forms, and various changes in parts of the machine were from time to time made. The keys are lozenge-shaped, one half being printed in red, and the other in black. In order to produce the black characters, the necessary key was depressed, while to print the red characters the key was depressed simultaneously with the space key. It was suggested that the easiest way of doing this was to use the hand at right angles with the keyboard, and to invariably use the thumb to lower the space key. In addition to using the two keys in order to produce some letters, there were also capital and figure shift-keys, and when either of these were required to be used, it followed that three keys had to be used at the same moment. The types were formed of a small square of india rubber, which was rolled on a sleeve, the base of which was formed of a series of corrugations similar to the Crandall, (which may, perhaps, have suggested the Gardner) and the sleeve was actuated by means of a twirier arm. On the desired character being brought opposite the printing point, the continued depression of the key let loose a hammer, which brought the paper into contact with the type. This hammer was in some models the shape of a thin slip of leather-covered metal, running the entire length of the carriage, whilst in others a forward striking plunger was used. The inking arrangements were simple, consisting of two small inking rollers, working on pivots at both sides of the typewheel. They could be removed easily enough, but were not quite so easy to replace. The typewheel could be removed by taking out a screw, and various styles of type were to be had. The touch of the Gardner, however, was something fearful to contemplate, and the shield which kept the paper from touching the type-sleeve had a playful habit of jumping up, and remaining there, so that it would sometimes happen that a line or two of writing would find its way on to the shield. Under these circumstances, with perhaps others, the Company found its way into the harbour of the Liquid- ator in thejniddle of 1895. The Crandall. This machine is the invention of Mr. Lucien S. Crandall, whose earlier invention, the International, we have already described in the first group. The Crandall is made at