History of the Typewriter

— 67 — 1 he ribbon differed, also, in its movement from that on any other machine, since it was made to pass from front to back of the machine. The International was the earlier effort of Mr. Lucien C. Crandall, whose later work, the type-sleeve machine bearing his own name, we shall refer to later on. The Phonographic World, of New York, on one occasion apostrophised Mr. Crandall somewhat in the following terms “ Mr. Lucien C. Crandall, whose two typewriters, the International and the Crandall, had led to the invention by stenographers of more swear-words than all the other typewriters combined ! ” The Cleveland Typewriter. The Cleveland Typewriter, sometimes called the Hart- ford No. 2, or Hartford Shift-Key machine, was the first machine to be placed on the market, at any rate in England, in two distinct forms, that is, with or without a shift-key. True, the Hammond had already appeared in two forms, in which the Ideal and Universal keyboards, the former curved, and the latter straight, were used, but the Cleve- land-Hartford machines were just the same in every respect, saving that the one was made with, and the other without le shift-key device. The first instrument offered for approval was the Hartford, the double keyboard machine,