History of Sanitation
Forfatter: J. J. Cosgrove
År: 1910
Forlag: Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co
Sted: Pittsburgh U.S.A
Sider: 124
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94
HISTORY OF SANITATION
the cholera mortality was only 16 per 10,000, while in the
Golden Square district it was 217 and in the Berwick
Street district 212. It was plain that there had been a
special cholera area, a localized circumscribed district.
This was eventually minutely studied in the most pains-
taking fashion as to population, industries, previous sani-
tary history, meteorological conditions and other general
phenomena common to London as a whole, with the result
that it was found to have shared with the rest of London a
previous long continued absence of rain, a high state of
temperature both of the air and of the Thames, an unusual
stagnation of the lower strata of the atmosphere, highly
favorable to its acquisition of impurity, and although it
was impossible to fix the precise share which each of
the conditions enumerated might separately have had in
favoring the spread of cholera, the whole history of that
malady, as well as of the epidemic of 1854 and indeed of
the plague of past epochs, justifies the supposition that
their combined operation, either by favoring a general
impurity in the air or in some other way, concurred in a
decided manner, last summer and autumn (1854) to give
temporary activity to the special causes of that disease.
The inquiry committee did not, however, rest satisfied
with these vague speculations and conclusions, but as pre-
viously shown in the history of this local outbreak, the
resulting mortality was so disproportioned to that in the
rest of the metropolis and more particularly to that in the
immediately surrounding districts, that we must seek more
narrowly and locally for some peculiar conditions, which
may help to explain this serious visitation.
Accordingly special inquiries were made within the
district involved in regard to its elevation of site, soil and
subsoil, including an extended inquiry into the history of
a pest field said to have been located within this area in
1665, 1666, to which some had attributed the cholera of
1854; surface and ground plan; streets and courts; density
of population; character of the population; dwelling
houses; internal economy as to space, light, ventilation and