Steam:
Its Generation and Use

BOILERS IN IRON AND STEEL WORKS. The requirements of a steam boiler in an iron or steel works are more severe than in any other establishment, with possibly the exception of a sugar plantation. The heat applied to the boiler is not only intense, but fluctuating. The utmost possible amount of work may be required from the boiler for one hour, and scarcely any work the next, while in many iron works too little attention is paid to the boiler-house by the man- agement, it being left to the care or neglect This boiler possesses for this purpose the ad- vantages of safety and economy. The intense heat of the gases from a puddling furnace is very destructive of thick plates and riveted joints, causing frequent violent explosions in boilers so heated. The thin tubes, and rapid circulation, in these boilers render them less liable to damage from the high temperature, and the arrangement of heating surface secures a fuller absorption of the waste heat. Should a tube burn out, no se- rious explosion can occur. KP"1 41 nnnnhi iiinminnrr n III! . IIIIIH I IIIIIMIII . Ml......,1'11,1111' IHIUIKI "muh.. ,l""" ' Section of 832 Horse Power Babcock & Wilcox Boilers at Lucy Fumacesi Pittsburgh, Pa., burning waste gas. of incompetent men. There is, also, frequently a lack of sufficient boiler capacity, and in conse- quence the boilers are driven at a rate which is both wasteful of fuel and destructive to heating surfaces. An extended experience with the Babcock & Wilcox boilers in iron and steel works extending over ten years, under a variety of conditions, in connection with heating, puddling and blast furnaces, utilizing the waste heat, has shown their adaptability and superiority for such work. Some establishments place their boilers over the furnaces, as shown in the cut, while others place them at the side of the furnace, or in the rear. One advantage of this boiler, especially for double puddling and large heating furnaces, is that a much larger amount of heating surface can be placed over a furnace than can be done with the boilers ordinarily used for this purpose, thereby giving greater economy of fuel with less cost of erection. At The Carron Iron Works, near Glasgow, Scotland, the Lucy Furnaces, 56