Steam:
Its Generation and Use

Comparative Test, made at the Oliver Wire Works, Pittsburgh, Pa., March, 1883, by Wm. Kent, M. E., between two Babcock & Wilcox boilers of 416 H. P., and eight “ two flue ” boilers — six of them being 28 ft. long, 42 inches diameter, 14-inch flues, and two of them 26^ feet long, 40 inches diam- eter, 14-inch flues. Total grate-surface, 165 ft. B. & W. Ret. Flue. Date of test Meh. 12 to 17 114 95 37 i»5i2,763-2 190,228 169,303 69.12 24.14 7-952 8.826 9-7°9 10.909 416 522.84 25.68 Meh. igtozi 40.75 95 180 880,776 147,668 i3i,425 165 21.9 5-964 6.70 6-334 7.115 not given. 741-36 Coal, bituminous, lump and nut. Duration of test, hours Average steam pressure Average temperature of feed, deg. Water evaporated lbs. Coal fired “ Per cent, of ash Combustible Grate-surface, square feet Coal consumed per square foot, of grate per hour Water evaporated, in pounds per lb. coal under actual con.. “ combustible “ “ .. “ coal from and at 212°.. “ combustible... .do Rated horse-power Horse-power developed from 2120 feed and 70 lbs. steam Per cent, above rated capacity... April and May, 1884, on regular work, with “Buckwheat” anthracite coal from different mines, after boilers had been in constant use for five years: Duration of test, in hours, .... Average steam pressure, in pounds, Average temperature of feed water in tank, , Pounds of coal burned,________________ Pounds of combustible,________________ Per cent, of ash,____________________ Coal burned per square foot grate, per hour, Total water evaporated at temp, of feed, lbs. Water evaporated, in pounds, per lb. coal — actual conditions, . “ “ —from and at 2120 “ combustible, actual conditions, “ “ from and at 212° . Quality of steam — 13 tests, moisture, per ct. Rated horse-power, . . . . Horse-power developed from feed, at 2120 and 70 lbs. pressure,________________ Per cent, above rated capacity, Temperature of flue gases, . . _________________ 288 73-52 82.195 216,987.8 I79>295-3 14.685 1,765,926 8.124 9.49 9-833 11.485 1.28 187 231.61 23-72 455- Saving in fuel in favor of Babcock & Wilcox : 9.709 — 6.334 = 3-375 ; and 3-75- = 34.76 per cent. 9.709 Tests made at the Genesee Mills, San Fran- cisco, Cal., by A. Worthington, with coal from British Columbia, from Cardiff, Wales, and from the South Prairie, Washington Territory. This test was macle largely to determine the relative values of these three coals, and incidentally the economy of the boiler. The furnace was pro- vided with an arch extending over about half the length of the grate bars, and produced little or no smoke: Date 1883 ... Coal Feb. 20. Welling’n Br. Col. Feb. 27, Cardiff, Wales Feb. 28, So.Prairie Wash. T. Duration of test 6 hr. 17 m. 7 hr. 23 m. Average steam pressure.... 119.2 117.68 117.87 Average temp’ture of feed.. 59 61.87 61.97 Water evaporated lbs. 28,329 ^2.376 30,345 Coal fired “ 3,777 4,032 4-059 19.07 Combustible lbs. 3,156.5 3,263 3,493 Grate-surface sq. ft. 21.25 21.25 21.25 Coal consumed per hour per sq. ft. grate, lbs 28.2 25.6 28.9 Water evaporated, (in lbs.) per lb. coal —actual con. 7-5 8.02 7-47 “ “ —from and at 212° 8.97 9-95 8.76 “ combust, act. con. 9-3 9-54 8.88 “ “ from and at 11.12 11.84 10.42 Rated horse-power 136 136 Horse-power developed ... 186 I ’73-5 182.3 Per ct. above rated capacity 36.8 27-5 34 Test made at Harrison, Havemeyer & Co. (now Harrison, Frazier & Co.), Franklin Sugar Refinery, Philadelphia, Pa., by C. A. Brinley, Chief Engineer, being the result of four separate runs of 72 hours each, in October, 1883, and Test made at Benedict & Burnham turing Co., Waterbury, Conn., March 17 and 18, 1883, by Wm. E. Crane, their engineer : Coal, anthracite egg, Duration of test, hours,___________________ Average steam pressure, pounds, . Average temperature of feed water, Pounds of coal burned,___________________ Pounds of combustible,___________________ Per cent, of ash,_______________________ Coal burned per sq. ft. grate, per hour, lbs. Total water evaporated at temp, of feed, “ Water evap’d per lb. coal — actual conditions, “ “ “ “ —from and at 2120, “ “ “ combustible actual con. “ “ “ “ from and at 2120, Quality of steam (moisture), per cent. Rated horse-power,_______________________ Horse-power developed, . . Per cent, above rated capacity, ____________________ __________ Manufac- 22 36° 21,400 18,626 12.9 16.21 175.579 8.20 9-93 9-42 11.41 1.81 25° 312.12 24.8 Test made at Messrs. Hepburn & Co’s Grant Mills, Ramsbottom, Scotland, July 24th, 1884, by Messrs. Hepburn & Co. Babcock & Wilcox Co’s Boiler, with the patent regenerative furnace, with dross “pick-up” @ 4/9CI. and “Crosses” at 5/3d., mixed to equal parts. Cost to evaporate 1000 lbs. water into steam @ 70 lbs. pressure, 2.82 pence, sterling : Duration of test, in hours, .... Average steam pressure, by gauge, Average temperature of feed water, Pounds of coal burned,_________________ Pounds of refuse,_____________________ Pounds of combustible,_________________ Per cent, of ash,_________________________ Coal burned per sq. foot grate, per hour, lbs. Total of water evaporated at temp, of feed, “ Water evaporated, per lb. coal — actual conditions, lbs. “ “ —from and at 2120, “ “ combustible actual conditions, “ “ from and at 2120, “ Rated horse-power,_____________________ Horse-power developed from feed at 212" and 70 lbs. pressure,_________________ Per cent, above rated capacity, 8 5° 208° 5,824 630 5,194 lbs. 24.26 55.300 9-497 10.627 9.826 10,998 136 8(: