CONTROL OF HORIZONTAL RETORT SETTINGS 139
The late Vivian B. Lewes has shown that if all the available heat of the fuel could be turned to useful account only 8-6 per cent, of the total weight of coke made would be required for carbonization. Among heat-balance investigators Euchéne has given figures which. may be taken as best exemplifying the manner in which the heat is expended. For the ordinary setting in which regeneration is not carried out the following results aie given:—
Non-Regenerative Setting.
Heat supplied—
From coke ______________________.......
From volatile products ________________.....
Heat expended—
In setting 60-7 per cent.
In retorts 39-3 per cent.
'Carried up chimney as gases, 34-7 per cent.
Carried up chimney as water vapour, 12-5 per cent.
Lost by radiation and convection ....
■Lost in ash and clinker _______________________....
Used in distillation of coal . ...
Escaping by ascension pipe, in volatile constituents
Escaping in hot coke _____________________________.....
83-6 per cent.
16-4
100.0 per cent.
Per cent.
. 47-2
. 12-8
. 0-7
. 15-7
. 10-4
. 13-2
O g
The chief point to be noticed is that in this type of setting only 16 per cent, of the total heat supplied actually goes to fulfil the primary function of the setting—i.e.,. the distillation and decomposition of the coal and its primary products.
Regenerative Setting.
Heat supplied—
From coke ___________________......
From volatile products _____________....
Heat expended—
In setting 45-9 per cent.
In retorts 59-1 per cent.
■Carried up chimney as gases, 19-9 per cent. }
Carried up chimney as water vapour, 5'3 per cent. J Lost by radiation and convection _________________________.... .Lost in ash and clinker ________________________________..... Used in distillation of coal _______________________________..... Escaping by ascension pipe, etc., in volatile constituents Escaping in hot coke ______________________________________......
77-4 per cent.
22-6
100-0 per cent.
Per cent
. 25-2
. 19-9
0-8
. 21-4
. 13-8
. 18-9’
100-0
The experiments of D. D. Barnum, of Worcester, Mass., in general corroborate the above figures, except in one important respect. Barnum obtained his figures for a beuch, in which regeneration was carried out entirely at the expense of the. producer. The total loss accounted for by the chimney amounted to 47-6 per cent.., and that utilized for distillation and decomposition to 21-6 per cent.