The Principles of Scientific Management

the pbtnctpt.es of scientific MANAGEMENT 117 the name of a science. In most trades, the science is developed through a comparatively simple analysis and time study of the movements required by the workmen to do some small part of his work, and this study is usually made by a man equipped merely with a stop-watch and a properly ruled notebook. Hundreds of these “time-study men” are now engaged in developing elementary scientific knowl- edge where before existed only rule of thumb. Even the motion study of Mr. Gilbreth in bricklaying (described on pages 77 to 84) involves a much more elaborate investigation than that which oc- curs in most cases. The general steps to be taken in developing a simple law of this class are as follows: First. Find, say, 10 or 15 different men (preferably in as many separate establishments and different parts of the country) who are especially skilful in doing the particular work to be analyzed. Second. Study the exact series of elementary operations or motions which each of these men uses in doing the work which is being investigated, as well as the implements each man uses. Third. Study with a stop-watch the time required to make each of these elementary movements and then select the quickest way of doing each element of the work. Fourth. Eliminate all false movements, slow move- ments, and useless movements. Fifth. After doing away with all unnecessary movements, collect into one series the quickest