The Principles of Scientific Management

118 THE PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT and best movements as well as the best imple- ments. This one new method, involving that series of motions which can be made quickest and best, is then substituted in place of the ten or fifteen infe- rior series which were formerly in use. This best method becomes standard, and remains standard, to be taught first to the teachers (or functional foremen) and by them to every workman in the establishment until it is superseded by a quicker and better series of movements. In this simple way one element after another of the science is developed. In the same way each type of implement used in a trade is studied. Under the philosophy of the management of “initiative and incentive” each work- man is called upon to use his own best judgment, so as to do the work in the quickest time, and from this results in all cases a large variety in the shapes and types of implements which, are used for any specific purpose. Scientific management requires, first, a careful investigation of each of the many modifications of the same implement, developed under rule of thumb,* and second, after a time study has been made of the speed attainable with each of these implements, that the good points of several of them shall be united in a single standard imple- ment, which will enable the workman to work faster and with greater ease than he could before. This one implement, then, is adopted as standard in place of the many different kinds before in use