The Principles of Scientific Management

126 THE PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT broadening in their way as were those of the fron- tiersman. And it should be remembered that the training of the surgeon has been almost identical in type with the teaching and training which is given to the workman under scientific management. The surgeon, all through his early years, is under the closest supervision of more experienced men, who show him in the minutest way how each element of his work is best done. They provide him with the finest implements, each one of which has been the subject of special study and development, and then insist upon his using each of these implements in the very best way. All of this teaching, however, in no way narrows him. On the contrary he is quickly given the very best knowledge of his pre- decessors; and, provided (as he is, right from the start) with standard implements and methods which represent the best knowledge of the world up to date, he is able to use his own originality and inge- nuity to make real additions to the world’s knowl- edge, instead of reinventing things which are old. In a similar way the workman who is cooperating with his many teachers under scientific management has an opportunity to develop which is at least as good as and generally better than that which he had when the whole problem was “up to him ” and he did his work entirely unaided. If it were true that the workman would develop into a larger and finer man without all of this teach- ing, and without the help of the laws which have