Shop Management

SHOP MANAGEMENT 31 result of example, conscience, or external pressure that he takes a more rapid pace. There are, of course, men of unusual energy, vital- ity, and ambition who naturally choose the fastest gait, set up their own standards, and who will work hard, even though it may be against their best in- terests. But these few uncommon men only serve by affording a contrast to emphasize the tendency of the average. This common tendency to “take it easy” is greatly increased by bringing a number of men together on similar work and at a uniform standard rate of pay by the day. Under this plan the better men gradually but surely slow down their gait to that of the poorest and least efficient. When a naturally energetic man works for a few days beside a lazy one, the logic of the situation is unanswerable: “Why should I work hard when that lazy fellow gets the same pay that I do and does only half as much work?” A careful time study of men working under these conditions will disclose facts which are ludicrous as well as pitiable. To illustrate: The writer has timed a naturally energetic workman who, while going and coming from work, would walk at a speed of from three to four miles per hour, and not infrequently trot home after a day’s work. On arriving at his work he would immediately slow down to a speed of about one mile an hour. When, for example, wheeling a loaded wheelbarrow he would go at a good fast pace even up hill in order to be as short a time as possible under