Engineering Wonders of the World
Volume III
Forfatter: Archibald Williams
År: 1945
Serie: Engineering Wonders of the World
Forlag: Thomas Nelson and Sons
Sted: London, Edinburgh, Dublin and New York
Sider: 407
UDK: 600 eng- gl
With 424 Illustrations, Maps, and Diagrams
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18
ENGINEERING WONDERS OF THE WORLD.
round the after cross member. Above and
beneath the ribs is fastened rubbered cloth,
to form a double-surfaced deck.
The two decks are held apart by a number
of wooden uprights attached to the cross mem-
bers of the decks. The three rear supports
at each end are merely hooked on, so as to
allow of a small amount of movement. The
How the
Decks are
warped.
accompanying diagram (Fig. 1) will assist to
explain its action. A lever (R) on the pilot’s
right hand is connected by a
bar (A) to the rudder gearing,
and pivoted at the bottom as
regards forwards and backwards
motion on the end of a rod (B), which can be
revolved sideways in sockets. At the rear
Fig. 1.—DIAGRAM SHOWING THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE WRIGHT AEROPLANE, AND THE METHOD OF
WARPING THE DECKS.
Steering and
Balancing
Planes.
whole structure of the body is suitably stayed
with diagonal wires to form a truss.
About 8J feet to the rear of the main decks
are two vertical rudders for lateral steering,
2 feet wide and nearly 6 feet high. Cross-
spars link them together.
For vertical steering and bal-
ancing, a couple of horizontal
planes are mounted 10 feet or
so in front of the main decks, similarly inter-
connected and pivoted on vertical extensions
of the long skates on which the machine rests.
Between the planes are two semicircular fixed
planes to assist in the maintenance of stability.
A lever, held in the pilot’s left hand, controls
the elevation rudders.
The most interesting feature of the Wright
machines is the device for warping the wings,
either independently of or in conjunction with
movements of the steering rudders. The
end of this rod is a short vertical arm (C)
from the top of which wires (WW) run right
and left several feet along the upper side of
the bottom planes, and then pass upwards
through pulleys to the tops of the rear wooden
uprights at the ends of the decks. Side way
movements of the lever R flex downwards one
or other end of both decks. A secondary
series of wires (W2W2) connecting the bottoms
of the end uprights vid the under side of the
top decks cause a reverse flexure at the other
end of the decks. Thus, if the lever be put
over to the left, the right tips are drawn
down and the left tips bent up. By this
simple system, which is largely responsible for
the “ handiness ” of the Wright machines, the
pilot is enabled to make the decks assist the
rudder, or the rudder assist the decks, for
preserving balance and for rounding curves.
The reader will have no difficulty in under-