Engineering Wonders of the World
Volume III

ENERAL INDEX. construct as its appearance suggests, 39 ; woods used, 39 ; decks, single and double surfaced, 39, 41 ; up- rights, wire stays, body work, chassis, 41; screw propellers—thrust’ 42, 43; slip, 43; materials and manufacture, 43, 44. Dirigible Balloons, III., 45-63. (c Terminology — “ airships ” and flying machines,” 45; shape of gas-holders, 45 ; prows and sterns, 47 ; resistance to the air, 48 ; pres- sure on the envelope, 48 ; Zeppelin principle of subdivision, 48 ; bal- lonets, 48 ; distribution of the load, 48 ; application of power, 48; stability, 49; steering, 49. De- velopment of the AiBSHip : Gif- fard s dirigible, 49; Dupuy de Lome, 51 ; Renard and Krebs, 51 ; Santos Dumont and thø Deutsch Prize, 51 ; “ Zeppelin I.,” first trials, 52, 53 ; “ Zeppelin IL,” a disaster, ’ >» " ZePPelin HL,” “ Zeppelin IV., 53 ; a trip over Switzerland, 53 ; voyage ends in disaster, 55 ; a record journey of 600 miles, 55 ; collision with a tree, 55; (French dirigibles) Lebaudy airship, 56; La Patrie ” and “ La République,” 56, 57 ; “ Ville de Paris,” 57, 58 ; ‘ Clément-Bayard I.,” 58 ; “ Clé- ment-Bayard IL,” 59; (German military dirigibles) the Parseval, 61 • the Gross, 61 ; (American) the Baldwin airship, 62 ; materials used for gas bags, 62; the dirigible in warfare, 62, 63 ; Sir Hiram Maxim’s estimation of its value, 63. Records of Aviation, III., 44. Records of Dirigible Balloon Flights, III., 64. African Transcontinental Tele- graph, The, I., 193-204. Originated by Cecil Rhodes, 193 construction company incorporated, 194 ; line erected for 200 miles, but destroyed in Matabele rebellion, 194; work recommenced along different route, 195 ; negotiations with Ger- many, agreement made, 195 ; labour and climatic conditions, 196 ; pro- posed route of A. T. T. north of Udjidji, 196, 197 ; physical obstacles encountered by the engineers, 198 ; a huge span, 198; the telegraph poles used, 199; attitude of the natives, 199 ; measures for prevent- ing injury to the line, 199 ; damage done by wild animals and by vegeta- tion, 200, 201 ; health of the con- structors, 201 ; commercial success, 201 ; wireless telegraphy suggested to bridge gap in line, 202; police patrols, 202; a stirring incident, 203; table of distances, 204. Agamemnon, used for laying j A Abernethy, James, L, 154. Adamson, Daniel, L, 153. AERONAUTICS: The Aeroplane, Theory and Prin- ciples of, DI., 5-13. Lessons from the kite, 5; “ drift ” and “ lift,” 5; experiments with gliders, 6 ; shape of supporting sur- faces, 6 ; action of air on curved aeroplane, 7 ; disposition of planes, 7; monoplanes and biplanes, 7; “ aspect ratio,” 7 ; considerations regarding the design of an aero- plane, 8 ; power needed to support an aeroplane, 8; maintenance of stability, 9; centre of pressure, 9; front elevators, 9 ; automatic sta- bility, 11; fixed tails, 11; rear elevators, 11 ; lateral stability, 11 ; Voisin vertical curtains, 12 ; various auxiliary devices, 12; Wrights’ ap- paratus for maintaining stability automatically, 12; the gyroscope a possible means of stabilizing, 12 ; influence of speed on stability, 12, Flying Machines of To-day, III., 15-28. The term aeroplane, 15; the Wright brothers, 15; experiments with gliders, 15, 16; an engine fitted to a glider, 16; first great human flights with “ White Flier,” 17; record - breaking flights in France (1906), 17. Wright biplane described, 17, 18; steering and balancing, 18; engine and pro- pellers, 19; how the machine is started, 19. Voisin biplane, 21 ; steering control, 21. Farman bi- plane, 23. Curtiss biplane, 24. Cody biplane, 24. Blériot mono- plane, 25, 27. Antoinette mono- plane, 27. R.E.P. monoplane, 28. Aeronautical Engines, III., 29-37. Need for very light but powerful engines; Maxim’s and Langley’s experimental engines, 29 ; need for reliability, efficiency, and automatic action, 29 ; how weight is saved, 30 ; automatic lubrication, 30 ; car- buration, 30 ; possible decrease in weight, 30, Foub-cylinder en- gines : Wright engine, 30, 31 ; Green, 31, 32. Three-cylinder engine : Anzani, 32. Seven-cyl- inder engines : Gnome, 33, 34 ; Clément-Bayard, 34, 35; R.E.P., 35. Eight - cylinder engines : An- toinette, 35 ; Wolseley, 36; Fiat, 36; Jap, .37 ; Pipe, 37 ; Gobron, 37. Construction of Aeroplanes and Aerial Propellers, The, III., 39-44. An aeroplane not so simple to first Atlantic cable, II.. 285, 286 288, 354, 356-360. Agricultural Engineering, III., 288-299. The importance of agriculture, 288 ; value of labour-saving agricul- tural machinery, 288. Steam til- lage : John Fowler’s single engine plough tackle, 289 ; double plough system, 289; advantages of deep ploughing, 290 ; ploughing engines, 290; “ balanced ” and “ turn- round ” ploughs, 290, 291 ; special ploughs—a heath, plough at work, 291, 292; drainage of swamps by ploughing, 292; the Mole drainer, 292, 293; seeding and planting machines, 293 ; reaping machines— M Cormick s reaper and its develop- ment, 293, 295; the self-binder, 295 ; the threshing machine, 295 ; mammoth reapers, 297 ; enormous steam tractors, 298. Agricultural oil motors : their advantages, 298, 299 ; Ivel motor, 299. Air-lift, for raising petroleum, IL, 336 ; for raising water, III., 345. Air-locks, L, 58; principle described, 304, 305; for Kuncorn Bridge foundation cylinders, 294, 298. Alfred the Great as shipbuilder, I., 313. Alpine Mountain Railways, Two Remarkable, III., 300-311. The Fell railway : schemes for a line over the Alps, 301 ; the Mont Cenis road, 302; the Fell system track and locomotive, 302 ; brakes, 302; locomotive tested on High Peak railway, 302; conces- sions granted for Fell railway, 303 ; preliminary experiments carried out, 303; construction begun, 303 ; difficulties encountered, 303 ; very sharp curves, 304; snowstorms and snow-sheds, 304, 305; line com- pleted, 304; short but useful life, 304 ; economy of the system, 305 ; project for another surface railway over the Alps, 306. The Jungfrau railway : M. Adolph Guyer Zeller’s scheme, 306 ; the stations on the line, 307 ; a railway in tunnel, 307 ; electric drills used for boring, 307 ; surveying the route, 307 ; track and locomotives, 309; Eigergletscher station, 309, 310; rough weather in winter, 310; Eigerwand station, 310; Eismeer station, 311; con- clusion, 311. Alternating current, III., 227. Aluminium: conductors, III., 273; de- crease in price of metal, 272; separation in electric furnace, 273 • uses of metal, 272. Anchorages: Grand Trunk Railway Bridge, HL, 281; Menai Straits Bridge, I., 143; Niagara Falls and a,408) 25 VOL. III. 1^■■