Engineering Wonders of the World
Volume III

tical results of racing, 328; the last Gordon-Bennett race, 1905, Théry wins again, 329; detachable rims used by competitors for Grand Prix in 1906, 330; fuel limitations for 1907 Grand Prix, 330; cylinder bore limited for 1908 Grand Prix, 331 ; restrictions abandoned for 1910, 332; track racing, 332; record- breaking “ freak ” cars, 333 ; table of speed records, 334. ■“ Devil’s Belly,” the, on Hedjaz rail- way, I., 344. Dhu Heartach, lighthouse, I., 374. Distillation of petroleum, II., 336. Distribution of electrical energy in London, three-wire system, III., 226. Diver employed for underpinning work at Winchester Cathedral, III., 313, 314 ; in Severn Tunnel, I., 83, 84. Diver’s dress, III., 314. Dixon, John, engineer who transported Cleopatra’s Needle from Egypt to England, II., 24. DOCKS: Dry, IL, 179. Floating, see “ Docks, Floating ; ” Govan, II., 179; Liverpool, II., 176; Manchester, I., 167; Tilbury, IL, 177 ; timber, IL, 185. Docks, IL, 173-187. Definitions of dry docks, wet docks, etc., 173, 174; sites for docks, various considerations, 174 ; arrangement of a port, 175 ; jetties, 175 ; need for suitable approaches, 176; breakwaters, training walls, etc., 177. Wet docks, 177 ; half- tide basins, their use, 177; lock entrances, 177 ; locks, 178; how constructed, 178, 184, 185. Dry docking a ship, 178; large dry docks, 179; construction of docks, 181, 182; foundations for dock walls, 183 ; monolith founda- tions, 183 ; rear support of a wall, 184. Dock gates, 185; straight, curved, and segmental gates, 185 ; caisson types of gate, 186, 187. Docks, Floating, IL, 409-417. Origin of the floating dock, 409 ; the first floating dock, 409 ; great increase in popularity of the floating dock, 410 ; low cost and rapid con- struction, 410 ; method of working a floating dock, 411 ; the “ box ” dock, 411 ; depositing docks, 412 ; off-shore docks, 412 ; sectional pon- toon and Havana types, 413; bolted sectional type, 416 ; Bermuda dock, 413, 415, 416; Philippine dock, 416; remarkable voyages of floating docks, 417. Docks determine size of ships, I., 320. Dog-shores, II., 77. Dolmens, I., 7. Double bottom of ships, II., 70. Douglass, N., I., 378, 379. Douglass, Sir J. N., I., 375, 380. Douglass, W. T., I., 379, 380, 384. Douie, Andrew, on “ The Building of the Train Ferry Baikal,” I., 65-78. Dragonfly, the, II., 43. Drags for ship launching, II., 77. Drainage—of London, see “ Wonderful Drainage System of London ; ” of swamps by ploughing, III., 292; of tube railway tunnels, I., 309. Dreadnought, I., 319 ; armour, 390 ; cost, 390 ; guns, 388. Dredgers or dredges—hydraulic, III., 169, 173 ; rock breaking, I., 251 ; Suez Canal, I., 246, 251. “ Drift ” of a kite, III., 5. Drilling artesian wells, III., 337; oil wells, IL, 327. Drills—Brandt hydraulic, III., 153; Ferroux air, 152; Siemens and Halske electric, 307; Sommeiller air, 152; well-sinking—calyx, 338 ; chisel, 338; diamond, 338; shot, 339. Driving last spike—Canadian Pacific Railway, I., 282; Union Pacific Railway, III., 139. Drought in Australia, II., 312. Duluth transporter bridge, I., 292. Dumont, Santos, III., 1 ; wins Deutsch Prize, 51. “ Dumpling ” of earth in cut-and-cover tunnelling, I., 52. Dupuy de Lome’s dirigible balloon, III., 51. Dynamometer Car, a Railway, IL, 253-255. E Early Atlantic Cables, II., 277-294, 355-374. The pioneer line : the Magnetic Telegraph Company champions a scheme for laying an Atlantic cable, 277 ; Gisborne’s concession, 277 ; Gisborne sells to a syndicate, 278 ; cable laid from Newfoundland to Cape Breton, 278; exploring the bed of the Atlantic, 278 ; the Brooke sounder, 278 ; a submarine plateau discovered, 279; Field approaches Magnetic Telegraph Company, 279 ; agreement signed to form a com- pany for laying an Atlantic cable, 280 ; prejudice and criticism aroused by the scheme, 280 ; Government recognition, 281 ; Atlantic Tele- graph Company registered, 281 ; most of the capital raised in the United Kingdom, 282 ; fallacies and curious suggestions by the inexpert, 282; manufacture of the cable, 283, 285; ships and paying-out ma- chinery, 285 ; preparations for the start, 286; the first start, 287; anxious work, 288 ; the cable snaps, 289 ; preparations for another at- tempt, 289 ; necessary funds raised, 291 ; new paying - out gear con- structed, 291 ; principle of Bright’s paying-out gear explained, 291, 292; Thomson’s reflecting galva- nometer, 293, 294; rehearsal for second attempt, 294. Second ex- pedition : a start made, 355; tempestuous weather, 355, 356; repeated troubles, 356 ; ships return home, 357 ; projectors determine to persevere, 357 ; another start made, 357 ; exciting incidents, 357 ; great anxiety aboard ship, 358; both ships reach land, 360 ; first trans- atlantic message sent, 360 ; general congratulations, 361 ; American en- * thusiasm, 362 ; curious coincidences, 362; working the line, a famous message sent, 363 ; the cable fails, great public disappointment, 363, 364; the inquest, cause of failure determined, 364. The 1865 cable : cost of cable subscribed in Great Britain, 365 ; the new cable, 365, 366; Great Eastern secured for laying it, 366; laying operations started, 366 ; faults discovered, 368; the expedition fails, 368. The 1866 cable : Anglo-American Telegraph Company formed, 368; new main cable similar to its pre- decessor, new shore-end type, 369 ; improvements in paying-out and picking-up machinery, 369; Great Eastern sets out again, 369 ; a foul in the cable tank, 370 ; the cable landed, 370. The 1865 cable (con- tinued) : repeated failures in at- tempts to bring it to surface, 371 ; brought up at last, 372 ; cable com- pleted, 372 ; conclusion, 372. Earthquakes, their effect on steel build- ings, II., 10, 11. Egyptian ships, I., 312. Eiffel, M., designer of frame for statue of Liberty, III., 253. Ejector, mud, I., 327. El Ula, on Hedjaz Railway, I., 345. Electric furnaces for separation of aluminium, III., 273. Electric Power-Stations of London, The, III., 226-231. Some figures, 226 ; uses of elec- tricity, 226; systems of distribu- tion, 226; the three-wire system explained, 227 ; alternating current, 227; transformers, 227 ; future supply, 229 ; alternating and direct current both needed, 229. Lot’s Road power - station, 230, 231: coaling facilities, 230; automatic stokers, 230; boilers, generators, and steam turbines, 231. Embankments—Manchester Ship Canal, I., 159-162 ; Omaha cut-off, III., 142 ; New Chingford reservoir, III., 199. Engineering, ancient, I., 5-20. Engines, aeronautical, III., 29-37, see “ Aeronautical Engines ; ” pump- ing, see “ Pumping Engines.” Electric towage on canals, III., 167. Elevator, high speed, II., 20. Equipment of a Modern Shipyard, The, IL, 65-80. Economy of vital importance, 65 ; building berths, 65 ; berths at Newport News, 65 ; covered berths, 66; cableways for handling ma- terials, 66; gantries at Belfast, 66, 67 ; shipyard machinery, 67. Building a ship : the working model, 68 ; “ laying off ” in the mould loft, 68 ; the frames scrived, 70; laying the keel, 70; keel blocks arranged on gradient, 70; keel, keelson, and double bottom, 70 ; framing a vessel, 71 ; beams and bulkheads, 72 ; stern bar and stern frame, 73 ; plating and rivet- ing, 74 ; caulking and painting, 75. Launching a ship : an anxious pro- cess, 75; the ground-ways, 75; sliding ways and cradles, 76; transferring ship’s weight to the ways, 76 ; the “ dog-shores,” 77 ; the drags, 77 ; launching the Mauretania, 78. Com- pletion : shipping the machinery, 79; fitting-out, 79,80; the trial trip, 80. Ermack, lengthening of the, III., 122. Escape from drowning, wonderful, II-, 120. Esneh barrage, II., 404, 405. Everglades of Florida, the, I., 129, 130. Exactitude in calculation of bridge mem-