Efficiency Methods
An Introduction to Scientific Management

98 EFFICIENCY METHODS get every worker to take a personal interest in the subject, as a duty to their employers, as well as to themselves. Among publications which are specially valuable to employers and managers, we may mention Miss Goldmark’s “ Fatigue and Efficiency,” which con- tains, among other matter, a summary of the most important general physiological work on fatigue ; and Muensterberg’s “ Psychology and Industrial Efficiency.” Both these are American, and Miss Goldmark’s own researches were carried on entirely in the United States. In England a British Asso- ciation Committee is now working on industrial fatigue, and has published a first report in 1915, and a second in 1916. More recently the Ministry of Munitions has initiated enquiries into the health and the fatigue of munition workers, and reports are now (1917) being published. The value of all these investigations is far-reaching. Probably the most important questions to which it contributes are, the proper number of working hours in the day, the necessity of the week-end rest, and the effect of overtime. We shall refer to these again later on. But the bearings of the study of industrial fatigue on the setting of a time-rate will be seen by quoting a few generalizations from these books and reports. We learn from the physiologists that tired muscles pass into the blood certain products of their activity, which are poisonous, in a mild degree, to the whole organism; and thus the effect of tiring particular