Efficiency Methods
An Introduction to Scientific Management

120 EFFICIENCY METHODS The times given for each element are not, of course, the minima recorded, but those to which some percentage has been added to bring them within the reach of the average worker, as indicated in the last chapter (p. 107). Another allowance is added, in this instance, to the total time, definitely for fatigue. In other types of card the allowance is different according to whether it is “ handling ” time or " machine ” time. The former is always much larger. Most of the exponents of instruction cards state that this general allowance is for fatigue, and for inevitable delays. Sometimes fatigue allow- ance is left out, because it may prove a simpler arrangement to give a rest allowance apart from the task, and, also, the delays may have been eliminated from the ordinary routine. This is the case with Mr. Gantt’s employment of girls in the bleacheries (see p. 102), and in his form of instruction card generally. The Ferracute card does not contain any reference to fatigue, and as far as can be ascertained from the book describing the Ferracute manage- ment, fatigue allowances are not definitely made there.1 A complete instruction card for an engineering shop gives, when necessary, a sketch for the placing of the tools and fixtures, and a tool list; matters very important to the operator, but not affording material for discussion here. The same may be said 1 By far the longest portion of this very useful descriptive work is taken up with standardization of equipment, and only a short portion devoted to time-study and to remuneration.