Efficiency Methods
An Introduction to Scientific Management

4 EFFICIENCY METHODS not neglect to investigate any new use of scientific knowledge and systematized action which they may adopt, even if we conclude that we can ourselves find other and better ways. Naturally the principles in the new sort of manage- ment cannot be defined fully in any limited and precise way, or referred to as forming a “ system ’ ; if they could they would have but little value. The originator of them, the late Dr. F. W. Taylor, was aiming at reform which would give “ high wages with a low labour cost.” He knew that if this paradoxical combination could be accomplished it would go far to satisfying both employers and employed in industry. To reduce the cost of labour he must eliminate every possible source of waste, in power and in time. Every person and thing in the works should be used in the best possible way at the best possible rate. This would stand for a definition of efficiency, though the word was not greatly used by the man who was wholly bent on its realization. It should be noted at once that “ the best possible rate ” never meant to him and never has meant to any of his disciples “ the greatest speed attainable.” This will constantly be seen in studying their work. An optimum rate, not a maximum, is always desired. Although he had had scientific academic training, Dr. Taylor began as a workman (at twenty-two years of age), and was promoted gradually through all grades till he became manager. He realized at first hand that the workmen with whom he worked