Efficiency Methods
An Introduction to Scientific Management

I48 EFFICIENCY METHODS ten cents per man if all the twelve get a bonus. The object of the first bonus is to make him teach effectively; of the second, to cause him to give more attention to those who fall behind. The idea of a teacher having a bonus on results is, of course, familiar to us, but, while it has sometimes a dubious value in education, it will certainly have one in industry, because of the previous history of such bonuses. In American industry generally the result of giving bonuses or similar encouragement to the old-fashioned type of driving foreman has certainly produced the worst forms of speeding-up, with no assistance to the men. The workmen and their functional foreman must be on entirely different terms of relationship for the desired effect to be obtained. It has not been possible to include here a com- parative account of profit-sharing or co-partnership as a method of incentive to workmen. Profit- sharing has been very ably criticized from the general point of view by Schloss, in his work already quoted, and from the scientific management point of view by Dr. Taylor, in “ A Piece-Rate System," and in “ Shop Management,” p. 37. Employers in England are sure to have it brought to their notice as an alternative to the American methods. If they compare the arguments of the advocates of each, they will be interested to see that each claims to create the best possible co-operation between employer and employé, and to demon- strate the thesis that the two really have the same