Efficiency Methods
An Introduction to Scientific Management

164 EFFICIENCY METHODS responsible. Whereas there is “ a better means ” of accomplishing the workers’ ends. “If we wish to prevent him [joining a Union], we must make it to his interest not to do so ” (p. 59). His writings show great sympathy for the worker as long as he is considered as an individual. But when he says, “ if you make conditions work towards high efficiency, and compensate liberally, no man will spend his spare time trying to find out how to raise the wages of the other fellow ” (p. 72), we realise that he has not grasped the true attitude of a Trade Union member towards his fellow-members. In his latest book (“ Industrial Leadership ”) he speaks again of Unions with general sympathy, and quotes with approval (p. 40) an opinion that the labour leaders in the Lawrence strike had more intelligence and more knowledge about labour problems than the employers. On p. 5 he says of the Unions, “ which have been and are now so effective in increasing the class-rate, and which have done much to ameliorate the conditions of the workmen.” But he does not suggest that the class- rate should be, or could be, used as the basis for his bonus system. Mr. Harrington Emerson, in his paper written in 1904, speaks of his minimum wage being settled by the State “as a wage below which no one should accept employment." He elaborated the idea somewhat fully, in a way which must have been novel to his hearers.1 The second count on which workers 1 Loc cit. p. 129. See particularly pp. 874 and 877 of the Transactions.