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254
HARBOUR ENGINEERING.
ception of colour at a distance. It is true that colours may be, and are, used
in this country as an additional indication, but their use is entirely subsidiary
and may vary locally; while in France colour takes precedence of shape.
Shape is not entirely disregarded, but the distinction is confined to a
surmounting signal, and does not affect the buoy structure as in England.
German signals differ from both French and English signals. The series
of diagrams in figs. 223 to 225, have been arranged in juxtaposition so as to
illustrate the divergencies in type of all three nationalities.
Trinity House Régulations.—The following is a transcript of the
regulations adopted in this country in accordance with the uniform system
of buoyage approved by the General Lighthouse Authorities of the United
Kingdom :—
“1. The mariner, when approaching the coast, must determine his
position on the chart, and must note the direction of the main stream
of flood-tide.
“ 2. The term Starboard Iland shall denote that side which would
be on the right hand of the mariner, either going with the main stream
of flood or entering a harbour, river, or estuary from seaward ; the term
Port Hand shall denote the left hand of the mariner, under the same
circumstances.
“3. Buoys showing the pointed top of a cone above water shall be
called Conical, and shall always be Starboard Hand buoys, as above
defined.
“4. Buoys showing a flat top above water shall be called Can, and shall
always be Port Hand buoys, as above defined.
“5. Buoys showing a domed top above water shall be called Spherical,
and shall mark the ends of middle grounds.
“6. Buoys having a tall central structure on a broad base shall be called
Pillar buoys, and, like other special buoys, such as Bell buoys, Gas buoys,
Automatic sounding buoys, etc., etc., shall be placed to mark special positions,
either on the coast or in the approaches to harbours, etc.
“7. Buoys showing only a mast above water shall be called Spar buoys.
“8. Starboard Hand buoys shall always be painted in one colour only.
“ 9. Port Hand buoys shall be painted of another characteristic colour,
either single or parti-colour.
“ 10. Spherical buoys at the ends of middle grounds shall always be
distinguished by horizontal stripes of white colour.
“11. Surmounting ’ beaeons, such as Staff and Globe, etc., shall always
be painted of one dark colour.
“ 12. Staff and Globe shall only be used on Starboard Hand buoys; Staff
and Cage on Port Hand ; Diamonds at the outer ends of middle grounds and
Triangles at the inner ends.
“ 13. Buoys on the same side of a channel, estuary, or tide way, may be
distinguished from each other by names, numbers, or letters, and, where
necessary, by a staff surmounted with the appropriate beacon.