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HARBOUR DESIGN
29
Such, in brief compass, are some of the more important matters bearing
on the general question of harbour design, from which it will be seen
that there are many weighty considérations which contribute towards a
determination of the proper form and arrangement of areas reserved for
the reception of shipping. In the ensuing chapters, it will be our duty
to investigate some of these
features more closely and in
greater detail.
Meanwhile, we conclude
the present section with a
brief description of three ports
selected as furnishing fairly
representative examples of the
three principal types of har-
bours, viz., national harbours,
commercial harbours, and
fishery harbours, and also of
a trio of harbours remarkable
more for their form than for
their size, and possessing in-
terest out of proportion to
their commercial importance.
The Military Outport
at Libau.1—Libau, as a com-
mercial harbour, dates from
the thirteenth century, and
various extensions have been
made in its accommodation
from time to time. In 1870,
when the Libau-Romen rail-
way was constructed, the port
came into considerable pro-
minence, and in 1887 the
Russian Government deter-
mined to make also a military
harbour the site of which was
to be immediately to the north
of and connected with, the
commercial harbour.
“In designing the general arrangement of the sheltering constructions
of the outport, two questions had to be taken into considération : (1) to lessen
as much as possible the risk of the entrances and of the interior of the port
being silted up by the coast drifts; (2) to prevent floating ice from
accumulating in front of the walls and to assist the escape of the ice formed
1 Jarintzoff on “The Military Outport of Libau,” Min. Proc. Inst. C.E., vol. cxxvi.