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HARBOUR DESIGN. 39
“ Defects of the present harbour : (1) The shoal depth, narrow breadth, and
irregular course of the entrance channel.
“At low water, the depth of the channel between the pierheads is about
2 feet, and from the pierheads to the harbour quays it averages only about
1 foot. This shallow depth causes detention to the largest class of herring-
boats of from 2-^ to 5 hours, which greatly diminishes the value of the fish,
particularly in hot weather.
“The breadth of the channel varies from 50 to 80 feet. Its course,
instead of being midway between the piers, is close to the outer arm of the
east pier, and at the inner end of that arm it takes a sharp bend. But the
most dangerous feature is the sand-bar just outside of the pierheads, which
dries several feet at low water, and which, owing to wave action from pre-
vailing northerly winds combined with the flood-tide, is continually tending
to close the entrance channel, and, at times of drought in the river, does so.
“ Upon this bar, during storms, seas break so heavily that it is impossible
for boats either to enter or leave the harbour, and this is also the case for
some time before and after low water, even during moderate gales.
“ (2) The range of waves into the harbour. This is so great, that even
during slight gales boats cannot lie in the outer harbour, and are obliged to
go above the bridge for safety.
“ Proposed Works of Improuement.—The following works are the least
which it would be necessary to uudertake in order to remedy the defects
enumerated, and to render Whitby an efficient fishing port:
“ (1) Two new piers extending from the present pierheads to a permanent
sea depth of 7 feet at low water.
“The necessity for such piers is, first, to enable that depth of water to be