History of the Typewriter

— 48 — When the machine is in normal position, the depression of any of these keys will cause the lower case letter corre- sponding thereto to print. In order to obtain the capital or upper case letter, it is necessary, first of all, to depress what is called the shift-key, viz., that on the lower left hand corner of the machine, and when this is done, the carriage is moved forward, and the key, being depressed, imprints the capital letter. Thus, a double movement is necessary in order to produce what, after all, is but a primary result. In order to obviate this necessity, a number of machines have been devised, wherein the keyboard is so extended as to provide a separate key for every character carried by the instrument. The first of such machines was the Caligraph, of which a full account will appear hereafter. In this instrument, a very peculiar system was adopted. The keys slightly differed in their arrangement to those on the Remington, and the lower case letters were grouped in the centre of the manual, the upper case and figure keys surrounding them like a protecting halo. The following diagram will render this clear. ©OGQ©®®®®0©0© ©0®©O®®©©@O©@ O ® © ® ® © © © ® © © O0 0o@0000oooooe Fig 32. This lack of uniformity of arrangement jarred on the nerves of many people, since it involved the memorising of the position of every single key, so that when the Bar- Lock was placed upon the market, a double series of keys was provided, every one of the upper case being in exactly the same position as those in the lower case arrangement. Thus, although the Caligraph was the first machine with a complete keyboard, the Bar-Lock was the first with a double arrangement. The simplicity thus afforded is apparent, when it is remembered that, in order to strike an upper case letter, the position of the hands is not varied, all that is required being to lift the hands bodily up to the upper banks of keys. But with many persons, the shift key did not seem to be a source of trouble. They considered the idea good, and