The Works Of Messrs. Schneider And Co.

62 MESSES. SCHNEIDER AND CO.’S WORKS. already described. This machine is specially used in the production of simple forgings, such as solid and hollow shafts, gun rings, &c. Crankshafts, however, are often made with it. lis dimensions are such that it can forge ingots measuring 1.500 metres (4 ft. 11 in.) in diameter. The pit containing the anvil and tbe mandril supports is 15 metres (49 ft.) in lengtli, 4 metres (13 ft.) in width, and .600 metre (1 ft. Ilf- in.) deep. The principal dimensions of the press and its furnaces are as follow : Distance between columns 2.460 ni. 8 ft. 1 in. Diameter of columns ’440 ni. 1 ft. 5,% in. Height between crossheads 3.6.30 in. 11 ft. 11 in. Diameter of cylinder .965 ni. 3 ft. 2 in. Stroke of plunger piston 2.100 ni. 6 ft. 10§ in. Speed of travelling crânes, longitu- dinally 25.000 ni. 82 ft. 0 in. Speed of travelling crânes, trans- versely 10.000 m. 32 ft. 9 in. Height of rails above floor level ... 8.250 m. 27 ft. 1 in. Inside width of furnaces ... 2.600 m. 8 ft. in. Depth of furnaces ... 3.200 m. 10 ft. 6 in. Height under arch ... 2.100 ni. 6 ft. 11 in. Grate area ... 2 sq. m. 21.53 sq. ft. Heating surface of boiler ... 135 sq. m. 1453.18 sq. ft. The doors of the furnaces serving this press are worked by hydraulic rams. Evaporation trials with the bollers fitted to the furnaces, have given the followinø- results : Coal consumption ... Temperature of gases entering the 140kilogs. persq. m. of grate area. 28.6 1b. per sq. ft. boiler 1080 deg. Cent. 1976 deg. Fahr. Temperature of outlet 180 deg. Cent. 356 deg. Fahr. Heating value of fuel 6585 calories per Water evaporated per kilogramme kilog. 2988 per 1b. of coal 4 kilogs. 4 1b. per 1b. Pressure of steam ... 6 kilogs. per sq. cm. 85.34 1b. per sq. in. The fuel efficiency values are the following : For heating the ingots ... ... ... 9.5 per cent. For the production of steam ... ... 38.5 ,, Total utilisation ... ... ... ... 48.0 ,, New Forging Press.—A third forging press now being constructed is especially destined for small forgings j which can be manufacturée! by it more cheaply than with the presses already described. The type and general arrangement are the same as those of the 3,000 - ton press, and its principal dimensions are : Diameter of forging cylinder 0.620 ni. 2 ft. Oj in. Stroke of plunger piston ... Height available between lower 1.100 ni. 3 ft. in. crosshead and hammer ... 2.200 m. 7 ft. 2| in. Height between crossheads 3.000 m. 9 ft. 10Ï in. Distance between columns 2.200 m. 7 ft. 2| in. Diameter of columns Maximum pressure on plunger 0.300 ni. 0 ft. in. piston 400 kilogs. 2 54 tons per sq. in. Maximum diameter of ingot 1.000 m. 3 ft. 3$ in. Travel of mandril supports 6.000 ni. 19 ft. 8 in. Length of pit 15.000 ni. 49 ft. 2 in. Width „ 3.000 m. 9 ft. 10 in. Depth ,, Power of travelling crânes 0 500 m. 1 ft. 8 in. 75 tons. 75 tons Longitudinal travel of ,, 25.000 m. 82 ft. 0 in. Transverse ,, ,, Height of rails above floor level .. 10.000 m 32 ft. 9 in. 8.250 ni. 27 ft. 1 in. Inside width of furnace 2.000 m. 6 ft. G in. ,, depth of furnace ... Height of arch 2.200 m. 7 ft. 3 in. 1.500 m. 4 ft. 11 in. Heating surface of boiler ... 88 sq. m. [ 947.25 sq. ft. Depot and Annealing- Furnace.—A dépôt for storing ingots, and for large tools, has been erected outside the main armour-plate shop; it is supplied with a 100-ton steam crâne, travelling on rails laid on the floor level. The length of the dépôt is 120 metres (393 ft.), and the width, 11, metres (36 ft.). A furnace 20 metres (65 ft. 7 in.) long lias been built in this dépôt for annealing shafts, large gun parts, &c. Five portable 10-ton steam crânes are used for carrying the varions tools and manufacturée! material, and a small locomotive is also attachée! exelusively to the armour-plate department. Cementing Furnaces.—The principal building devoted to this plant runs parallel to the main forging shop, with which it is connectée!. It is 277 metres (909 ft.) long; 24.350 metres (80 ft.) wide; and 12.500 metres (40 ft.) in height. A series of ten annexes, 10 and 15 metres (33 ft. and 49 ft.) wide, adjoining the principal building, contains the cementing furnaces ; at the present time only five of tliese are constructed. Varions tem- pering appliances are arrangée! in the main building. There is a jet tempering device for hardening plates horizontally ; a second, in which the plates are placed vertical!y. There is a dip hardening arrangement, con- sistin«- of a water reservoir, a large circular wrought-iron tank, with a smaller tank and four reheating furnaces, one of which is fitted with a revolving hearth. Beyond is the hardening plant for gun parts and shafts, including two reheating furnaces. This building contains, besides, several large machine tools for the préparation of round ingots previous to their being forged. Two overhead travelling crânes on the same track—one of 40 tons and one of 80 tons—are able to traverse the whole length of the building. The five cementing furnaces above mentioned (see Figs. 150 to 152, page 66) are of various sizes, but all have movable hearths. They are heated with coal. Messrs. Schneider and Go. were the originators of the cementing process with hydrocarbon gas, a process exelusively used at Creusot. The last furnace built is of the following dimensions : Length of chamber ... IB. . 1 9.000 ft. 29 in. 6 Width „ 5.000 1(5 4 ,, of hearth 3.500 11 6 Height of arch above hearth 2.300 7 6i There are four lires on each side. The flames escape in the middle of the length of the furnace through two openings which communicate with an underground pass- age ; this leads the waste gases to a multitubular boiler. The lires are level with the ground and are provided with air-blast ; the grates are .900 metre (35-t in.) long and .800 metre (31^ in.) wide. The uiovable hearth consista of an iron frame mounted on wheels and carrying a cast- iron casing thickly lined with refractory material to prevent all loss of heat by radiation. This hearth can