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7
with fender work of wood, as shown on the plan. At every 50
feel is placed a mooring implement, alternately granite columns
and iron rings, solidly moulded in large blocks of concrete.
The construction on the small depths consists of a quay wall
of reinforced concrete on pilework. The piles are round, 60 feet in
height, and mounted with ironplate as a protection against worms
(Teredo). The back part of the piles is covered with plates of wood,
also protected by an iron covering. The back sluffing is partly
fascines in order to lessen the pressure on the front wall. 10 feet
back of Hie front wall rammers are driven in 6 feel apart. These
rammers are cast together with the piles of the front wall by a
plate of reinforced concrete, and this plate is furthermore loaded
down with ground fillings in order to increase Ilie stability. On the
front edge of the plate the quay wall was erected and, like the main
quay, provided with granite coping stones and fender work.
The work was executed in this way. First a dredger dug out the
harbour basin down to 24 feet depth, and furthermore a channel in
the quay line about 43 feet deep, with a bottom breadth of about 40 feet.
This channel was filled with sand, that was given an overheight of
12 —16 feel so as to compress the underground. The body of sand
was left to setlie for a few months, while the sinking boxes were
being constructed. These were made on shore and were launched
through stocks built for the purpose, after which they were towed
lo the quay foundation and sunk in place by filling them with
water; afterwards they were filled with sand, and refilled with the
same material. Before the cases were adjusted, the overheight of
sand in the foundation was dug away, and the bank was carefully
levelled with shingles, so that the boxes rested on a perfectly smooth
and even surface. The concrete boxes were placed somewhat high,
as it was lo be expected that the foundation would give way a little
by the increased weight. The boxes stood as long as possible,
before they were joined, that they might work independently of one
another. The joining was arranged so that long canvas bags filled
with cement mortar were sunk in the notches of the corresponding
sides, by which means complete closeness was obtained. After the
joining of the boxes the quay wall was ultimately built above waler,
and a continuous groove made above every box joining lo avoid
crevices by a possible irregularity in the placing of the boxes. To
protect the quay from under currents a belt of stones and shingles
was placed before it. This belt is 7 feet wide and 1 foot in diameter.
The work was completed exactly as planned, with no mishaps worth