History of Sanitation

HISTORY OF SANITATION 15 It is doubtful if this method was used in constructing the tunnel at Jerusalem. In fact it can be stated with considerable assurance that the entire tunnel was cut by- drilling and chiseling, as the tool marks are plainly dis- cernible. It further is evident that, as stated in the tablet found near Jerusalem, the tunnel was worked from both ends until the miners met in the center. This is evidenced by the direction of the tool marks, which plainly show that the cutting on each side of the center was done in different directions. Prior to the construction of the tunnel, the ancient city of Jerusalem was supplied with water through two aqueducts, one of which supplied water from the famous pools of Solomon, to the south of the city, and the other poured its contents into the pools of Hezekiah, outside the walls of the city. The Greeks were the next in point of time to construct tunnels in connection with the building of aqueducts. In 625 B. C. the Greek engineer Eupalinus construc- ted a tunnel 8 feet broad by 8 feet high and 4,200 feet long, through which was built a channel to sup- ply the city of Athens with water. This period marks the beginning in Greece and Rome of a school of archi- tects and engineers whose works have left a lasting impression on art and engineer- ing science, and to this Ancient Roman Well