Steam:
Its Generation and Use

______ _____________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS. _________ PAGE. Accessibility for cleaning and repairs necessary..,.7, 33, 41 “ of Babcock & Wilcox boilers........... 41 Advantages of Babcock & Wilcox boilers...........37-42 Air. Amount of, delivered by chimney.............. 61 “ and Vapor. Mixtures of........................ 71 “ Effect of surplus, in furnace...............17, 44, 45 “ Moist and dry________..................................69,71 “ required for combustion.......................45, 53 “ Weight and volume of.......................... 57 American coals. Table of________........................... 53 Anti-incrustators_______.................................. 63 Appearance of fire at different temperatures__________ 55 “ of steam flowing from orifices............ 74 Artificial blast under boilers.........................53, 55 “ Ice Works. Babcock & Wilcox boilers in.... 114 PAGE. Ashes in coals....................................... 53 “ Means of handling.......................... 53, 84 Attention necessary to secure durability in boilers.... 79 “ “ “ economy “ “ .... 78 “ “ “ safety “ “ .... 78 Average cost of repairs Babcock & Wilcox boilers.33, 93—96 Automatic Regulator for steam heating............ 69 Babcock & Wilcox Boilers. Ease of transportation of........................ 42 Ease of repairs to............................... 42 Evolution of...................................27—33 for iron and steel works.......34, 34, 56, 57, 58, 102, 103 Freedom for expansion in........................ 39 Front view of,Frontispiece 8,12,18,45,46,48,52,54,71,72 Heating surface in............................... 37 History of...........................25, 27, 29, 30-33 Joints in....................................33, 35, 37 Longitudinal sections of.........34, 36, 56, 57, 65, 69, 84 Origin of........................................ 25 Operation of..................................................................... . 35 Pressure parts, erected.......................112, 113 Proportions of................................................................... 41 Record of......................................13, 33 References for________ ............................ -97—116 Repairs to. Average cost of................33, 93—96 Safety of.......................................13, 39 Steadiness of water-line in....................... 39 Tests of ....................................... 81—92 Babcock & Wilcox Boilers. Absorption of heat in.... 38 Accessibillity for cleaning and repairs............ 41 Advantages of..........................37-42, 56, 57 at McAvoy Brewing Co_______.......................... 12 at Boston Sugar Refinery....................... 32 at Brooklyn Sugar Refinery.......,................... 88 at Cardenas Sugar Refinery..................... 14 with continuous front_______... ..___._________ S2 with ornamental front—Frontispiece.6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 38, 40, 41, 45, 46, 47, 52, 53, 71, 72, 83 with wrought-iron front..............34, 39, 42, 43, 58 with independent feed-water heaters.............. 106, 107 Babcock & Wilcox economizer______49, 50, 53, 84, 106, 107 Bagasse for fuel. Value of.......... ....................... 55 “ “ “ P’urnace for......................18,55 at Centennial......... ..................44,45,85 at Chicago City Railway........................ 79 at Columbia College........................... 68 at Decastro & Donner Sugar Refinery........ .28, 46 at Edison Electric Light Station, Milan.............. 98 at Edison Illuminating Co_______...................... 76 at Edison’s Laboratory......................... 41 at Gambrill & Co., Arlington Mills.____........... 90 at Greenfield & Co........................ ............................ 42 at Harrison, Frazier & Co............... ...... 8 at Kimball House, Atlanta...................... 39 at Lombard Ayres & Co_______ ........................ 84 at Lucy Furnace............................. 56, 58 at Matthiessen & Weichers Sugar Refinery....... 58 at Metropolitan Street Railway, Kansas City..... 26 at New Orleans Exposition...................... 40 at New York Mutual Life Insurance Co.......... 16 at New York Produce Exchange................. 72 at New York Steam Company......... . .64, 65, 66 at Northern Indiana Hospital for the Insane...... 67 at Pencoyd Iron Works.......................80, 103 at Pennsylvania Steel Company................. 24 at Pittsburg Steel Castings Company............ 34 at Plainfield Public School........... .................. 69 Barrus, Geo. H. Calorimeter........... ......................... 74 “ “ Tests by............................. 91 Benfield’s Paper Mill, Mexico........................ 110 Best fluid for heat engines________........................ 21 Blakey’s water-tube boiler 1766 ....................... 23 Bleacheries using Babcock & Wilcox boilers........... Ill Boiler explosions. Average yearly................... 9 “ “ at Washington, D. C.............10,11 “ at Westchester, Pa_______________11, 13 “ “ in 1880 and 1887............i ..... 9 “ “ Mystery of........................................9,11 “ house. Plans for...........................49, 53, 80, 82, 84, 98 ...... “ inspection. Results of........................ 9 “ Insurance Co.’s reports...... ................ 9 “ tests. Rules for................................ 80 Boilers. Covering for.............................. 77 Defective, proportion of in use............. 9 Economy of.............................. 43 “ to secure....................... 78 at Ponce de Leon Hotel....................... 71 at Raritan Woolen Mills ....................... 36 at Seth Thomas Clock Company........ at Somerset! Manufacturing Company... at Standard Oil Company............. at Turner & Seymour Manufacturing Co at United States Capitol.............. at “ Vancorlear” Compartment House... at Vienna Opera House............... at Worumbo Manufacturing Co......... at Yngenio Central Isabel... ____..... at Yngenio Fortuna.................. burning Bagasse........................... “ Petroleum...................... Waste Gases ........ 6 ........ 82 ........ 54 ........ 48 Frontispiece ......... 38 ........ 20 ...............43 ......83, 101 ........ 18 ......... 18 ........ 54 Efficiency of............................... 43 .............. Feeding................................... 75 Heating surface in.......................... 59 Horse-power of............................ 59 “ Porcupine,” unsafe....................... 13 Requirements of perfect.................... 7 Result of bad setting of..................... 45 Rules for care of........................... 78 Rules for testing........................... 80 Safety in. Attention necessary to secure.... 78 “ Importance of.................. 7 “Safety.” So-called....................... 13 Stayed surfaces in.......................... 11 Tests of.................................80—92 Capacity of........... Circulation of water in Cleaning... .......... Combustion in......... Construction of....... Cost of repairs to_____ Cross section of ...... Dryness of steam from Durability of......... 56, 57 ............ 39 ...........18, 38 ............. 41 ............. 37 ..........33, 35 _______33, 93-96 .41, 44, 66, 68, 82 .......39, 75, 83 .13,33,42, 93-96 “ Water-tube. Brief History of............... 23 “ “ Blakey’s 1766.................. 23 “ “ Coil, the first.____.............. 23 “ “ Eve’s, 1825.................... 23 “ “ Griffith’s, 1821................. 23 “ “ Gurney’s, 1826................23,25 “ “ McCurdy's 1826................ 25 “ “ Rumsay's, 1788 ................ 23 “ “ Steenstrup’s, 1828.............. 25 “ “ Stevens’, 1805 .................. 23 “ “ Summers & Ogle, 1830_________ 25 “ “ Twibill’s, 1865............................ 25 “ “ Wilcox, 1856 ................... 25 “ “ Wolf’s, 1790-1804............... 23 Boot & Shoe Makers using Babcock and Wilcox boilers. 109 Brass Works using Babcock & Wilcox boilers......... 104 117 ________________________________________________________________