Steam:
Its Generation and Use

Boiler House and Chimney for Babcock & Wilcox Boiler with Economizer, Etc. SCALE OF PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM. Total Tempera- ture in Fahrenheit degrees. Total Heatl Latent Density or Volume Relative volume, or Factor of equivalent Total pressure per square inch. units from water at 32° F. heat, in heat units. weight of one cubic ft. of one pound of steam. :ub. ft. from one of water. evapora- tion, at 212’. per square inch. 102 1113.05 1042.964 .0030 33o-36 20620 0-965 i 1120.45 1026.010 .0058 172.08 10720 0.972 3 4 5 6 141.622 153.070 162.330 170.123 1125.131 1128.625 1131-449 1133.826 1015.254 1007.229 IOOO.727 995-219 .0085 .0112 •0’37 •0163 117-52 89.62 72.66 61.21 7326 5600 4535 3814 0-977 0.981 0.984 0.986 3 4 5 6 7 176.910 1135.896 99°.471 .0189 52'94 33°° 0.988 7 8 182.910 1137.726 986.245 .0214 46.69 2910 0.990 Q 188.316 1139.375 982.434 .0239 4t-79 2607 0.992 9 IO 15 193-240 213.025 1140.877 1146.912 078.958 P64.973 .0264 •0387 31.84 25-85 236° 1612 0.994 1.000 IS 20 25 3° 227.917 240.000 250.245 II5I-454 USS-1.!«? 1158.263 954-415 945.825 938.925 .0511 .0634 ■0755 19.72 15-99 I3-46 1220.3 984.8 826.8 1.005 1.008 1.012 25 30 35 2SO.I76 1160.987 932.152 ■0875 n.65 713-4 1.015 35 4° 267.120 1163.410 926.472 •0994 10.27 628.2 1.017 4° 45 5° 274.296 280.854 1165.600 1167.600 921-334 916.631 .1111 .1227 9.18 8-31 561.8 5o8-5 1.019 1.021 45 50 55 286.897 1169.442 912.290 •1343 7.61 464.7 1.023 55 60 292.520 1171.158 908.247 •1457 7.01 428.5 1.025 65 65 297.777 1172.762 904.462 .1569 6.49 397-7 1.027 7° 302.718 1174.269 900.899 .1681 6.07 371-2 1.028 7° 75 307.388 1175.692 897.526 .1792 5-68 348-3 1 «OS0 75 80 311.812 1177.042 894-33° .1901 5-3S 328-3 1.031 85 316.021 1178.326 891.286 .2010 5-oS 3 io-5 1.033 85 9° 320.039 II79-5SI 888.375 .2118 4-79 204.7 1-0.34 9° 95 323.884 1180.724 885.588 .2224 4-55 280.6 I-035 95 IQO 327.571 1181.849 883.914 .233° 4-33 267.9 1.036 105 331.113 1182.929 880.342 •2434 4.14 265.5 I-O37 105 IIO 334.523 1183.970 877.865 .2537 3-97 246.0 1.038 IIO 115 337-814 1184.974 875-472 .2640 3.80 236-3 1-039 i :5 120 340.995 1185.944 873-155 .2742 3-65 227.6 1.040 125 344.074 1186.883 870.911 .2842 3-51 219.7 1.041 I25 130 347-°59 1187.794 868.735 .2942 3-38 212.3 1.042 13° 140 150 352-757 358.161 1189.535 1191.180 864.566 860.621 • 3t38 • 334° 3.16 2.96 199.0 ’87-5 1.044 1.046 150 160 363.277 1192.741 856.874 .3520 2.79 177-3 1.047 368.158 1194.228 853-294 • 37°9 2.63 168.4 1.049 180 180 372.822 1195.650 849.869 .3889 2-49 160.4 1.051 190 377.2QX 1197-013 846.584 .4072 2-37 I53-4 I .°52 190 200 381-573 1198.319 843-432 •4249 2.26 147.1 i-°53 250 300 401.072 418.225 1203-735 1208.737 831.222 819.610 ■5464 .6486 1.83 i-54 114 96 i-°59 i .064 250 300 35° 431.956 1212.580 810.690 .7498 i-33 83 1.068 35° 400 444.919 1217.094 800.193 .8502 1.18 73 i -°73 400 To ascertain the equivalent evaporation at any pressure, multiply The gauge pressure is about 15 pounds (14.7) less than the total pressure, so that in using this table, 15 must be added to the pressure as given by the steam gauge. The column of Temperatures gives the thermometric temperature of steam and boiling point at each pressure. The “factor of equivalent evaporation” shows the proportionate cost in heat or fuel, of producing steam at the given pressure, as compared with atmospheric pressure. To ascertain the equivalent evaporation at any pressure, multiply the given evaporation by the factor of its pressure, and divide the quotient by the factor of the desired pressure. Each degree of difference in temperature of feed-water, makes a difference of .00104 in the amount of evaporation. Hence, to ascer- tain the equivalent evaporation from any other temperature of feed than 2120, add to the factor given as many times .00104 as the temperature of feed-water is degrees below 2120. For other pressures than those given in the table, it will be practically cor- rect to take the proportion of the dif- ference between the nearest pressures given in the table. 49