Steam:
Its Generation and Use

—-------------------------------------------------------- WATER AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. There are four notable temperatures for pure water, viz:— 1. Freezing point at sea level, 320 F. 2. Point of maximum density, 39-1° F. 3. Britishstandardforspec.gr. 62° F. 4. Boiling point at sealevel, 212° F. 32° F. Weight per cub.ft. 62,418 lbs.; per cub.in. .03612 lbs. 39.10 F. “ “ “ 62,425 “ “ “ .036125 “ 62° F. “ “ “ 62,355 “ “ “ .03608 2120 F. “ “ “ 59,76° “ “ “ -03458 A United States Standard gallon holds 231 cubic inches, and 8^ lbs. water at 62° Fah. Lime salts are more soluble in cold than in hot water, and most of them are deposited at 320°, or less. When frozen into ice, or evaporated into steam, water parts with nearly all substances held in solution. Water has a greater specific heat, or heat-ab- sorbing capacity, than any other known sub- stance (bromine and hydrogen excepted), and is the unit of comparison employed for all meas- urements of the capacities for heat of all sub- stances whatever. The specific heat of water is not constant, but rises in an increasing ratio with ijiiiiiirir ill'lllllllllllllllllll Xhiiiiiiiiiiii 11111111111111 Jiiiiiiiiii,iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiini Bill llllllllllllllll lllillllllllll iiiiiiiillliililiilllliililliliilliiiiliiiiliilil iiiiiiiiiiiiiii 'iiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiii hi iiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiii. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii llllllllllllllll 'IIIIIIIIIIIL llllllllllllillll llllllllilllllllllllli llllllllllllillllllllllll 11111111111111111111111 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii IIIIIIH1 11........... 1111111111...... ilium ' I iiiiiiiuüiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiii" imü iiiiiiiiji'"i nmiii I hihi.,IT' Iiiiiiiiiiiiiii ■111 llhlll lllllllllllll J ' Vir. _ ■EüJ uni» 11111111111111'iiiiiiiiiiniii 'iiiiuiiu. ’ ■ ' inillllllllllljlllllllllliui, UHimmillL iniimin' .1 ....................................................Jin*1 i llllllllllllllll lllllllliillillll iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii' illilHilllin !!liiilillllllllli!l!lii!il!!!!ii Tfi a Babcock & Wilcox Patent Fuel Economizer, at Bound Brook Woolen Mills, Bound Brook, N. J. llllllllllllllll llllllllllllllll ■IIIIL IIIIIIIIIIIIIII Jllllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIII llllllllllllllll ■IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIII llllllllllllllli'llllllllllllllll ■mu 11111111111111111 num Blllllllllllllli llllllllllllllll miiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiih 1111111 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ■IIIIIPIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUllIIII lllllllliillillll!!!!!!!!!!!!"“ ■mu iiiiiiiiHiiiiih mini ■iiiiihiiiiiiiiiiiiiil'IIIIIII llliiiiiiiiiiih llllllllllllllll niiii! miiiiiiiiiiiii 11111111 iiiiiiiiiiiiiii.1111111111111111 ■IIIIL llllllllllllllll mini iniiiiiiiiiiii. 1111111111111111 [||l 11111011111111 llllllllllllllll mil iiiiiiiiiiiiiii liiiiii .u i <' A British Imperial gallon holds 277,274 cubic inches and 10 lbs. water at 62° Fah. Sea water (average) has a specific gravity of 1.028, boils at 213.20 F., and weighs 64 lbs. per cubic foot at 62° F. In solvent power water has a greater range than any other liquid. For common salt this is nearly constant at all temperatures, while it in- creases with increase of temperature for others, magnesium and sodium sulphates, for instance. the temperature, so that it requires more heat, the higher the temperature, to raise a given quantity of water from one temperature to an- other. Thus, the specific heat at 320 being 1, at 2120 it is 1.013, and at 320° (the temperature of 75 lbs. steam pressure) it is 1.0294. The speci- fic heat of ice and steam are respectively .504 and .475, or practically about half that of water. A British Thermal Unit (or heat unit) is that quantity of heat which will raise one pound of 50