Some Engineering Problems Of The Panama Canal In Their Relation To Geology And Topography

_____ _________________ ______ ____________ INDEX. ________ A. Page. Agriculture in Canal Zone, extent of....... 11,12 Ancon, Canal Zone, rainfall at.............. 11 Ancon Hill, rock forming, description of.... 28 Ancon quarry, rock from, cost of........... 77 description of...................... 36 view of............................... 28 Andesite, description of....................27,28 occurrence of, in Canal Zone............27,28 figure showing..................... 18 uses of................................ 28 Atlantic division of canal, cost of excavation in............................... 76,81 sand for....................... 79 masonry for................... 80 Atmospheric pressure, effect of, on earth strains........................... 54 B. Balboa, administration building at, founda- tion of........................... 47,48 Ballast for railways, material used for......35,37 Bas Obispo formation, description of.......19,20 in Canal Zone, extent of................ 19 occurrence of, figure showing....... 18 Basalt^ description of......................29,30 in Culebra Cut, view of................. 30 occurrence of, in Canal Zone........... 29 figure showing................. 18 shrinkage cracks in, view of............ 34 uses of.................................29,30 Bays in Canal Zone, character of...........14,15 Bedded rocks, folding of, extent of.......... 32 in Canal Zone, figure showing........... 18 See also Rocks. Bertrand, M., on geology of the Isthmus of Panama______............................... 8 Bohlo conglomerate, description of.........20,21 in Canal Zone, extent of.............:____ 20 occurrence of, figure showing....... 18 Breakwaters, cost of....................... 78 See also Colon Breakwater; Naos Island Breakwater. British Columbia, slide in, cause of.........65,66 Buena Vista, Culebra Cut, slide at, extent of. 60 C. Caimito formation, description of........... 25 occurrence of, in Canal Zone............ 25 figure showing................. 18 Canal Zone, earthquakes in................. 75 danger from....................... 75 geologic map of........................ 12 rainfall in.............................. 11 rock succession in, figure showing....... 18 _____________ Page. Canal Zone, temperature of................. 11 topography of, description of........... 9,10 See also Isthmus of Panama. Caribbean limestone. See Toro Limestone. Central division of canal, excavation of, costs of................................ 76,81 Chagres River, channel of, description of..... 44,45 character of............................ 12 gravel from, for railway ballast......... 37 Clarke, D. D., on slide near Portland, Oreg.. 64 Climate as factor in engineering work....... 11 Coastal plain type of topography, description of................................ 10 relation of, to engineering work......... 10 view of................................ 12 Cocovi Island, rock forming, description of... 27 Colon, rainfall in........................... Colon Bay, features of...................... 14,15 shallowness of, factors governing........ 14,15 Colon Breakwater, rock for, detailed cost of.. 78 Contractors Hill, fault plane at............. 58 stability of, causes of...................56,57 discussion of........................57,58 structure of............................. 58 See also Culebra Cut. Corozal Dam, foundation of, description of... 46,47 Corozal locks, foundation of, description of... 46,47 Cucuracha formation, description of.........22,24 dikes in, view of........................ 22 occurrence of, in Canal Zone............22,24 figure showing.................. 16 sliding in, causes of..................... 24 Cucuracha village, slide near, cause of....... 34 cross section of...................... 61 discussion of........................ 61 extent of........................... 60 view of............................. 62 Culebra, fault zone near, view of............ 58 geologic conditions near, view of........ 56 rainfall in.............................. Culebra beds, characteristics of............. 45,46 Culebra Cut, basaltic columns in, view of.... 30 blasting in, explosives used for.......... 82 record of vibrations from...........53,54 cross section of, figure showing.......... 23 drills used in, number of................ 82 heating of ground in.................... 71-74 cause of............................ 72,73 discussion of........................ 72,73 rock deformations in, causes of.......... description of....................... factors governing................... section in, view of.................__ - slides in, causes of...................... extent of........................... 85 _______________________