The Principles of Scientific Management

140 THE PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT knowledge so collected, analyzed, grouped, and classi- fied into laws and rules that it constitutes a science; accompanied by a complete change in the mental attitude of the working men as well as of those on the side of the management, toward each other, and toward their respective duties and responsi- bilities. Also, a new division of the duties between the two sides and intimate, friendly cooperation to an extent that is impossible under the philosophy of the old management. And even all of this in many cases could not exist without the help of mechanisms which have been gradually developed. It is no single element, but rather this whole combination, that constitutes scientific manage- ment, which may be summarized as: Science, not rule of thumb. Harmony, not discord. Cooperation, not individualism. Maximum output, in place of restricted output. The development of each man to his greatest efficiency and prosperity. The writer wishes to again state that: “The time is fast going by for the great personal or individual achievement of any one man standing alone and with- out the help of those around him. And the time is coming when all great things will be done by that type of cooperation in which each man performs the function for which he is best suited, each man pre- serves his own individuality and is supreme in his particular function, and each man at the same time loses none of his originality and proper personal