Water Lifted By Compressed Air
For Municipal, Manufacturing, Irrigation or Other Water Supply

5 io ■5 20 25 3° 35 40 45 5° 55 6o 6S 70- 75 So tered the pressures per square inch of these water columns or layers. Thus the pressure per square inch of column 1 is seen to be 1.74 pounds; that of 2, consisting of two columns or layers 1 and 2, each 4.02 feet long, to be 0.40 pounds, and that of 10, consisting of nine columns or layers of water 1 to 9, inclusive, 4.02 feet long, and one of 3.80—viz., layer 10—feet in length to be 17.35 pounds, and the aggregate length of the layers of waler is 39.08 teet in a total length of ninety-one feet of pipe. It will be noted that the length of pipe KK tle surface of the water in the well is °0-o and that the difference between this mnme. aggregate length of the water layers wa.as) is 15.52 feet—that is, on equal areas Pressure outside of the pipe is greater ~>nan A .e Pressure on the inside by the weight due this difference of level, which is 47165 pounds for the end of the discharge-pipe. It is this difference of 15.52 feet, acting as a nead that supplies the water-pipe, puts the contents of the pipe in motion, and overcomes tne resistance m the pipe. In general the water layers are equal each to each, and the pressure upon any layer of air is due to the number of water layers above it. Thus the Pressure upon the bottom layer of air 10 in the drawing's is due to all the layers of water in the pipe, (17.35 pounds,) and the pressure upon the uppermost layer of air 1 is due to the single layer of water I at the moment ot its discharges beginning—viz., 1.74 pounds per square inch. As this discharge pro- gresses this is lessened, until at the comple- tion of the discharge of the water layer the air layer Is of the same tension as the normal atmosphere. The quantitative relations of the air to wa- ter are determinable, but vary with the rela- tions of submergence to lift, diameter of pipe, temperature, and atmospheric pressure, and range from 1.5 to more volumes of normal air, compressed to an adequate pressure, for each volume of water raised by this process. The best efficiency is attained when the submer- sion is three-fifths of the total length of the eduction-pipe. Whatever the submergence or lift may be, in order to secure the desired continuous upward flaw of the contents of the eduction-pipe without stoppage or downward dropping of the same it is necessary that th? air as introduced into the pipe should be in quantity sufficient to form, immediately upon its issue from the air-pipe bubbles which will expand across to fill the educt’on-pipe from side to side and make distinct piston-like lay- ers, entirely separating the portions of the water column between which they enter said pipe. Where the bubbles are smaller than this, they will pass up through the water, and, while necessarily elongating the water col- umn, will not exert the. positive elevating power that my pipe-filling air layers, entirely dividing the layers of water from each other, do. The enlargement at the lower end of the eduction-pipe I have found to be of advan- tage, not only as compensating for the spa.ee taken up by the air-pipe, but, where the mouth of the latter is well below the upper end ot the enlargement, as facilitating the formation of bubbles sufficisntly large to make the de- sired pipe-fitting piston-like layers, rapidly and continuously following each other at very short intervals in the flow up the eduction- pipe. When the body of water first standing in the eduction-pipe has been forced up out of the latter by the compressed gaseous fluid used, the fluid pressure is preferably dimin- ished, as indicated hereinbefore. In practice I so reduce the pressure to a point below the weight of the column of liquid which, stand- ing m the eduction-pipe above the point of entrance of the gaseous fluid, has been re- moved, as stated. ft evident that the process above de- scribed is applicable to a.11 other liquids be- sides water—such as petroleum-oil, saline so- lutions. brewers’ and tanners’ liquors, sewage &c. and therefore I do not limit tfie inven- tion to the elevating- of water. Neither do I confin® the invention to compressed air alone for the purpose of raising liquids by this pro- cess, but claim any aeriform body, such as nat- ural gas and steam when used in oily liquids What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is— . 1- ,4s ,a» improvement in the art of elevat- ing liquid, the process which consists In sub- rnerging- a. portion of an open-ended educ- tion-pipe in a body of the liquid to be raised and continuously introducing- into the liauid hiiblVips^f lower Part of the pipe a series ot bubbles of compressed gaseous fluid contain- ing enough of the fluid to expand immedi- across the pipe and fill the same from side to side, forming pipe-fitting piston-like layers at or just above the point of their en- trance into the pipe, whereby the column of rlsingr m the pipe after the forcing' out of ,il9ul,d f,JLst stand>ng in the latter is subdivided by the g-aseous fluid into small portions before it reaches the level of the h'l- U!d ouMde -of the p‘Pe> and a continuously upward-flowing- series of well-defined alter- °C gaseous fluid and short layers I’1!1111? )s formed and forced up the pine fied y aS and fOr the PurPOse specl- . 2- As an improvement in the art of elevat- ing liquid, the process which consists in sub- £ody of the liquid to1 be raised a portion ot an open-ended eduction-pine having an enlarged chamber on its lower end and continuously injecting into such enlarge- ment well below its upper end gaseous fluid under pressure to form bubbles in the nip“ above the enlargement large enoug-h to ex- tend across from side to side of the pips ironer and form pipe-fitting piston-like layers there- in interposed between and entirely senarat mg well-defined layers of liquid in the pipe substantially as and for the purpose de- scribed. F 1 3. As an improvement in the art of elevat- ing water or other liquid, the process which consists, in .submerging a portion of an opeti- ended pipe in a body of the liquid to be raised removing the upper portion of the column of JJqyid within the pipe and injecting into the îuJÂÎS at a Point well below the level of the liquid in which the pipe is submerged gase- ous fluid in quantity sufficient to form bub- bles, which will expand immediately acros« the pipe and fill the same from side to side and under pressure less than the weight ot a column of liquid in the pipe extending from the point of entrance of the fluid to the level of the body of liquid surrounding the pipe, so that a continuous upward-mov- ing series of alternate well-defined easeous fluid and liquid layers will be formed in ånd forced up the pipe, substantially asi and for the purpose described. y a lor Signed at New York, in the county of New of°October, AatD °189ieW Y°rk> this 23d day Witnesses: JULTUS G' POHLE- CHAS. C. GILL. ED. D. MILLER. 85 ço 95 100 105 110 115 120 ^5 130 135 140 145 T5° r55 39