199
OF ENGINEERING FORMCTLÆ.
Report of German Railway Union—continued.
Cotton packing filled with talc gives excellent results for
stuffing boxes.
Injectors which do not suck preferred.
No smoke-consuming apparatus successful.
Archimedean screw sanding apparatus preferred.
Jet of water or steam not satisfactory for sanding.
Le Chatelier’s break satisfactory.
CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS.
The “ Mangel ” ring used with good results for fastening
tires.
Cracks in journal detected by cleaning carefully and then
striking the end of the axle heavily with a hammer, when
the oil lodged in the crack will start to the surface.
Fracture of axles not due to the use of breaks.
Wrought-iron spoke or disc wheels generally preferred.
Mild cast steel considered the best material for tires.
In continuous breaks the “ Heberlein ” are violent and
irregular and subject to frequent breakages; “ Westing-
house,” “ Steel,” or “ Smith's vacuum ” satisfactory;
“ Achard ” costly and troublesome.
For break blocks, wood wears too rapidly and causes wheels
to skid; wrought iron wears the tires too rapidly; cast iron
beneficial for tires, but wears quickly; ordinary steel causes
heating; cast steel has some advantages and is cheaper in the
end.
Advantages of 6-wheeled over 4-wheeled carriages
doubtful.
Storied carriages used with success for special and local
service.
Elastic packings between body and under-frame advan-
tageous in diminishing noise.
For warming carriages, heating by steam is cheap and
safe, but often fails in connections. Stoves and hot air
cause risk of fire; hot-water tins are imperfect and costly
but safe.
For lighting carriages, stearine candles cheapest, colza oil
next; gas dearer than oil in proportion of 11 to 8; gas is
clean and gives the best light.
Arrangements for feeding and watering cattle en route not
successful; preferable to have feeding stations provided at
intervals.