Pocketbook of Useful Formulæ and Memoranda
for Civil and Mechanical Engineers

84 Molesworth’s pocket-book Natural Slopes of Eabths (with Horizontal Line). Gravel, average Dry sand .. .. Sand .. .. Vegetable earth Compact earth 40 38 22 28 50 39 45 Shingle .. Rubble .. Clay, well drained 45 Ditto, wet .. 16 Earthwork. Proportion of Getters, Fillers, end Wheelers in different soils, Wheelers being calculated at 50 yards run. Getters. Fillers. Wheelers. In loose earth, sand, &c. 1 1 1 ,, Compact earth .. 1 2 2 i, Marl 1 2 2 „ Hard clay .. .. 1 Ü 11 ,, Compact gravel .. 1 1 1 „ Rock, from .. ■ • 3 1 1 Weight of Eakths, Rocks, &c., per cube yard. Sand, about 30 cwt. Sandstone, about 39 cwt. Gravel „ 30 „ 1 Shale „ 40 „ Mud „ 25 Quartz „ 41 „ Marl „ 26 Granite „ 42 „ Clay „ 31 Trap , 42 „ Chalk , 36 Slate „ 43