Engineering Wonders of the World
Volume III

Scotch marine, II., 31 ; water tube, II., 32 ; Yarrow, II., 32. Booth, W. H., on “ The Development of the Gas Engine,” I., 215 ; on “ Ar- tesian Wells, ■ and How they are Bored,” III., 335. Bouch, Sir Thomas, designer of a Forth Bridge, L, 322. Brakes, railway, II., 246-251 ; see “ Railway Brakes ; ” Fell system of, III., 302. Brandt rock boring drill, III., 153. BREAKWATERS (see “Harbour Con- struction ”): Aberdeen, III., 76 ; Alderney, III., 73 ; Algiers, III., 74; Cherbourg, III., 70 ; Dover, III., 78, 79 ; Fish- guard Harbour, I., 176 ; Gibraltar, III., 75; Holyhead, III., 73; La Guaira, III., 76; Marseilles, II,, 176, 177; Plymouth, III., 70-72; Portland, III., 74; Port Said, I., 245; Vera Cruz, III., 76; Zeebrugge, III., 75. Brennan Louis, his torpedo, I., 438. Brett, John Watkins, a founder of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, II., 280 ; director of Atlantic Telegraph Company, 282 ; death, 374. BRIDGES: Bridge, The Development of the, L, 102-107. Carrying power of a beam, 103 ; application of load, 103 ; support of a beam, 103 ; continuous girder, 103; shearing stress, 104; plate girders, 104; parabolic or bow- string girders, 104 ; trusses, 105 ; “ king ” and “ queen ” trusses, 105 ; Warren truss, 105 ; lattice girder, 105 ; suspension bridges, 106 ; canti- lever bridges, 106; bridge abut- ments and piers, 107. Bridges, Bascule, II., 46; Black- well’s Island cantilever, IL, 270-272; Britannia tubular, I., 147-152 ; Brooklyn suspension, II., 257, 259, 260, 261 ; Canadian Pacific Railway, I., 279; Clifton suspension, I., 288; Croton aque- duct, II., 273 ; Forth, I., 321-337, see “ Forth Bridge, the Story of the;” Grand Trunk Railway arch, III., 278-282 ; Hell Gate arch, New York, IL, 274; Henry Hudson memorial arch, II., 274, 275 ; Irtysh, III., 87; Kafué, IL, 160; Man- hattan suspension, IL, 266-270; Manhattan Valley, IL, 274 ; Menai Straits suspension, Telford’s, I., 142- 146; Niagara Falls, III., 278-287, see “Arch Bridges of Niagara Falls; ” Oxus, II., 379 ; Roman, L, 18, 19 ; Royal Albert, Saltash, I., 34-40, see “ Royal Albert Bridge at Saltash; ” St. Lawrence tubular, L, 205-214, see “ Victoria Bridge, the Great; ” St. Louis, II., 163-171, see “ St. Louis Bridge ; ” Salisbury, IL, 53 ; Scherzer rolling lift, II., 44-49, see “Scherzer;” Sittang, IL, 433- 437, see “ Bridge Building Feat, an Interesting; ” swing, II., 44; Switch- back Canyon cantilever, L, 33; Tower, IL, 46; transporter, I., 287- 299, see “ Transporter Bridges ; ” Victoria tubular, I., 205-214, see “ Victoria Bridge, the Great ; ” Walnut Lane, Philadelphia, II., 275; Williamsburgh, IL, 261-266; Yenesei, III., 85 ; Zambesi, L, 90- 101, see “ Zambesi Bridge, the Great.” Bridge Building Feat, an Interest- ing: the Sittang Bridge, Burma, II., 433-437. The river Sittang, 433; native workmen, 434 ; first season’s work on the bridge, 434; difficulty with centre spans, 434; a novel scheme for floating them into position, 434, 435 ; the “ Dreadnought ” pontoon, 435; a tremendous storm, 435; floating first span, 436 ; last span floated, bridge completed and opened, 436, 437. Bridges of New York City, The, II., 257-276. New York a city of great bridges, 257, 258 ; need for these bridges ex- plained, 258, 259, 260; ferry service, 259 ; traffic figures for all means of transport across river, 259. Brook- lyn Bridge : John A. Roebling offers to build it, 260; notable features of the Brooklyn Bridge, 260 ; strengthening the bridge, 261. Williamsburgh Bridge : main points of interest, 262; construc- tion work, sinking pneumatic cais- sons for pier foundations, 263; piers and towers, 263, 264 ; anchorages, 264; shore spans erected, 264; spinning the cables, 264, 265; wrapping the cables, 265, 266; building the stiffening trusses, 266 ; an accident, 266. Manhattan Bridge : characteristics and dimen- sions, 266, 267 ; footbridges for the cable work, 267; cable-spinning apparatus, 268 ; cable-spinning de- scribed at length, 268, 269, 270. Blackwell’s Island or Queens- boro Bridge : dimensions, 271; design, 272; “ travellers,” 272. Other large bridges : High Bridge, 273; Washington Bridge, 273 ; Manhattan Valley, 274 ; three proposed monster bridges, 274, 275, 276. Bridges of the Menai Straits, The, I., 142-152. Travelling to the west coast in the eighteenth century, 142 ; Tel- ford makes the great road to Holy- head, 142; decides to bridge the Menai Straits, 142. The Menai Suspension Bridge : plans drawn, up and approved, 143; building the piers, 143 ; anchoring the sus- pension chains, 143 ; hoisting chains into position, 144 ; joining up, 144 ; a workman’s foolhardy feat, 145; bridge opened, 145; facts and figures, 145; the Conway Bridge, 147. The Britannia Bridge: the Chester - Holy head railway, 147 ; railway bridge required for the Menai Straits, 147 ; arch bridge planned by Robert Stephenson, but disallowed by Admiralty, 147 ; plans for a tubular bridge, 147, 148 ; its chief features, 148 ; the huge tubes, 148 ; work of erection begun, 149 ; the towers, 149 ; riveters and rivets, 149 ; preparations for floating the first tube, 149; hydraulic presses employed, 150; first tube floated, 150 ; a mishap and a rescue, 150 ; raising the tube, 151 ; a serious disaster averted by precautions, 151 ; all tubes in position, 152; [ 387 ] testing the bridge, 152 ; an appre- ciation of the work, 152. Bridgewater canal, the, I., 156. Bright, Charles, on “ Early Atlantic Cables,” II., 277-294, 355-374; on “ The Construction and Laying of Submarine Cables, III., 357-376. Bright, Edward, II., 277. Bright, Sir Charles Tilston, engineer of the Magnetic Company, II., 277 ; makes agreement with Brett and Field to form the Atlantic Telegraph Company, 280 ; engineer-in-chief of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, 282 ; champions large conductor for first Atlantic cable, 283 ; desires to lay cable from mid-ocean both ways, 287 ; adopts Appold brake for cable work, 291 ; his paying-out gear, 291, 292 ; starts with second ex- pedition in charge of Agamemnon, 356; at landing of first Atlantic cable, 360 ; his work appreciated in the Times, 361 ; receives honour of knighthood, 363 ; appreciation by Lord Kelvin, 364 ; reports on failure of cable, 364; recommends type for 1865 cable, 365 ; prevented from assisting with 1866 cable, 369; localizes faults in 1865 and 1866 cables, 374. Brindley, James, I., 156 ; his demonstra- tion of the use of clay for canals, 157. Britannia, the, L, 315. Broken Hill, II., 159. Brooke “ sounder,” II., 278, 279. Brunel, Isambard Kingdom (Brunel the Younger), assists his father in Thames Tunnel works, I., 188; rescues miners, 189 ; nearly drowned, 189 ; designer and engineer of the Royal Albert Bridge, 34; scheme for a harbour at Fishguard Bay, J., 173 ; originator of the broad gauge of the Great Western Railway, 109 ; designer of Great Britain and Great Eastern, 316 ; death, 40. Brunel, Marc Isambard (Brunel the Elder), L, 181 ; early history, 182 ; appointed engineer of the Thames Tunnel Company, 183 ; resigns the office, 190 ; knighted, 191 ; stricken with paralysis, 192; first engineer to use a movable tunnelling shield, 227. Buck, L. L., engineer-in-chief of the Niagara arch bridges, III., 279, 283. Buckle, A. Stewart, on “ An Interesting Bridge-Building Feat,” II., 433. Building of the Train-Ferry “Baikal,” The, I., 65-78. A short description of the vessel, 65, 66 ; accommodation for trains, 67 ; accommodation for passengers, 67; engines and propellers, 67; vessel built at Newcastle and taken to pieces, 68; parts shipped to Russia, 68 ; official blundering, 68 ; difficulties of transport, 68, 69 ; the Angara River, strong rapids, 69, 70; the shipyard on Lake Baikal, 71 ; keel laid, 71 ; intense cold of Siberian winter, 72; labour troubles, 72; framing the vessel, 73 ; plating, 73 ; shell completed, 73 ; building the launching ways, 74 ; “ freezing out ” process, 74; the launching ways give trouble, 76 ; the launch, 76 ; the Baikal natives, 76; putting