Engineering Wonders of the World
Volume III

Ferry Baikal,” “ Designing a Ship,” “ Development of the Ship.” Ships—Agamemnon, see Index ; Baikal, L, 65-79, IIL, 90; Ermack, III., 122; Egyptian, I., 312; Great Eastern, see Index ; Lusitania, see Index; Mabel Grace, III., 128; Mauretania, see Index ; Milwaukee, III., 126; Niagara, see Index; oil tank, II., 339 ; ore carrying, III., 259 ; Suevic, III., 127 ; telegraph, III., 362 ; Viking, L, 313 ; Vulkan, III., 124; warships, see Index; Wittekind, III-, 125. Shipbuilding Feats, Some Extra- ordinary, IIL, 122. Shipbuilding terms explained— “ block coefficient,” I., 352 ; bulk- heads, L, 355 ; “ dead weight,” L, 350; displacement, I., 350 ; equiva- lent girder, I., 353 ; “ fin© ” and “ full ” lines, I., 352 ; “ gross ” and “ net ” tonnage, I., 352 ; “ meta- centre ” and “ metacentric height,” I., 353 ; “ propulsive coefficient,” I., 356 ; “ slip ” of propellers, I., 357 ; “ turret ” ship, I., 354. Shipyard, equipment of a modern, see “ Equipment of a Modern Ship- yard.” II., 65-80. “ Shoots,” the, I., 80. Siberia, intense cold in, I., 72; physical features of, III., 83 ; rivers of, III., 85. Signalling, Railway, IL, 225-240. Early signals, 225; semaphore signals, 226 ; “ stepped ” signals, 226 ; signal indicators, 227. Points, 227; trailing and facing points, 227 ; a point lock, 228 ; action described, 228. Interlocking, 228; principle briefly explained, 229; lever locking, 229; explanation, 229, 230; catch-handle locking, 230. Power signalling, 230; intro- duced by Westinghouse, 230 ; vari- ous agents now used, 231 ; electrical locking frames, 231 ; their advan- tages, 231 ; return indications, 232 ; low pressure pneumatic system, 232 ; automatic stroke completion, 232. Automatic signalling, 233 (see also II., 350, 351); most widely used in the United States, 233 ; electricity the primary agent, 233 ; principle of automatic signalling, 233, 234 ; the use of “ overlaps,” 234, 235 ; the series of operations performed by a train passing through successive sections, 235 ; automatic brake application, 235, 236 ; auto- matic signalling on steam railways, 236 ; typical series of signal opera- tions traced through, 237. Control of single lines, 237 ; the train staff, and its shortcomings, 237, 238; electric train staff system, 238 ; how a line is worked with it, 238, 239. A system of audible signalling, 239 ; described in detail, 240. Singer building, New York, IL, 14, 17. Sinking cylinders for Saltash Bridge, I., 35, 36. Skaguay, I., 23. Skerryvore lighthouse, I., 374. Skewbacks—of Forth Bridge, I., 329, 331 ; of Grand Trunk Railway- Bridge, III., 279 ; of Niagara Falls and Clifton Bridge, III., 283, 284. Skobeleff, General, IL, 377. Sakieh, II., 389. Salt River irrigation project, IL, 98. . Saltash Bridge, see “ Royal Albert Bridge at Saltash,” I., 34-40. Salving of H.M.S. “Gladiator,” The, L, 41-48. H.M.S. Gladiator is sunk, 41 ; scheme to raise the vessel, 42; salvage gangs get to work, 43 ; vesssflightened, 43; lifting “camels” built and attached to vessel, 43 ; vessel pumped and drawn shore- wards, 44 ; righting operations, 44 ; more <e camels ” attached, 45 ; tri- pods affixed for hauling ropes, 45 ; divers stop leaks, 46 ; vessel floats, 46 ; starts for Portsmouth, 47 ; is safely docked, 47 ; a fine piece of work with a flat ending, 48. Sand-drifts on Trans-Caspian Railway, IL, 377. Sand-Washer, mechanical, III., 204. Savannah, The, I., 315. Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridges, IL, 44-49. Schmitt, F. E., on “The Bridges of New York City,” IL, 257. Scouts (warships), I., 393. Screening machinery, III., 170. Screw, Roman, I., 20. Scrive boards, II., 68. Scrubbers for producer gas, I., 220, 221. Searchlight at Eigerwand station, III., 310. Seeding machines, III., 293. Segment erectors, TL, 117. Servo-motors for torpedoes, I., 435 ; for governing turbines. III., 277. Sotting out a tunnel, I., 231. Severn Tunnel, The Story of the, I., 79-89. Dimensions, 80 ; shafts, 81 ; in- vaded by Great Spring, 81; Great Spring checked, 82; gradient altered, 82; pump accident, 83 ; divers employed to close heading door, 83, 84; Great Spring walled out, 84; telephones installed, 85; panic in the tunnel, 85 ; sea invades tunnel, 85; methods of tunnelling employed, 87 ; tunnelling completed, 88; water pumped from tunnel, 89. Sewage, chemical treatment and dis- posal of, III., 215, 217. Sewer construction, III., 219; diversion in New York, IL, 345. Sewers, intercepting, III., 211. Sewers, London, see “ Wonderful Drain- age System of London,” III., 209- 225. Sewers, storm relief, III., 213. Shadoof, IL, 389. Shafts—Rotherhithe Tunnel, I., 54; London Tube Railways, I., 236, 237 ; East River Tunnels, IT., 117. Shears for cutting stout metal, III., 271. Shield, tunnelling—Brunel’s for Thames Tunnel, L,' 185, 186, 187, 190; Greathead’s, I., 228; East River Gas Tunnel, II., 107 ; lower Hudson River Tunnels, II., Ill; Pennsyl- vania Railroad East River Tunnels, IL, 116; Rotherhithe Tunnel, I., 61; see “ Tunnelling Shield.” SHIPS AND SHIPBUILDING: Ships—see “ Warships,” “ Arma- ment of a Battleship,” “ Armour of a Battleship,” “ Torpedo Craft, the Development of,” “ Submarine Boats,” “ Building of the Train- “ Skull crackers,” for breaking scrap metal, III., 262, 263. Slab chargers, III., 271. Slave trade and the Uganda railway, II., 50. Sliding ways, II., 76. “ Slip ” of screws, I., 357. Sloops (warships), I., 393. Sludge vessels, III., 217, 219. Sluices — Assiout barrage, IL, 399; Assouan dam, IL, 397, 398; Delta barrage, II., 390; Esneh barrage, IL, 405; Weaver, L, 164; Zifta barrage, II., 404. Smeaton’s Eddystone lighthouse, L, 371, 372. Smiles, Dr. Samuel, on the Britannia Bridge, L, 152. Snow-fences—on Canadian Pacific Rail- way, I., 265 ; on Bergen-Kristiania Railway, IIL, 356. Snow-Ploughs, Railway, IL, 241- 245; on Bergen-Kristiania Rail- way, III., 356; on White Pass Railway, I., 33. Snow-screens and snow-sheds—on Cana- dian Pacific Railway, I., 280, 281 ; on Central Pacific Railway, III., 136 ; on Fell railway, III., 305. Snowstorm blocks work at Severn Tunnel, I., 84. “ Soapy ” Smith, I., 23. Spade, hydraulic, I-, 327. Span of telegraph wire, very long, L, 199. Speed—of Atlantic liners, 1862-1907, I., 319 ; of construction of steel frame •buildings, IL, 4, 10; of construc- tion of Niagara Falls and Clifton Bridge, III., 287 ; of destroyers, L, 422; of electric trains, IL, 221, 222; of racing motor cars, III., 334. Sphinx, L, 15. Spinning cables of suspension bridges, IL, 268-270. Spreaders, mechanical, IL, 147. Springs, hot, in Simplon Tunnel, III., 158, 159. Stability-rof an aeroplane, III., 9, 11, 12; of lighthouses depends on weight, not adhesion, I., 373. Stations, New York subway, IT., 350, 353, 354. Station tunnels on tube railways, 1., 300. Statue of Liberty, building the, III., 250-256. Steam locomotives of to-day, IL, 193- 215; see “ Locomotives.” Steam-shovels on Panama Canal works, IL, 146. Steam tillage, III., 289-297. Steel-cage buildings, II., 2. Steel-Frame Buildings, II., 1-21. Origin of th© steel-frame building, 1 ; definitions, 2 ; increase in floor space and value of ground, 3 ; the Crystal Palace first steel-cage build- ing, 3 ; speed in construction, 4, 10 ; foundations, 5, 14 ; the steel cage, 6 ; the men who do the work, 6 ; walls and floors, 8 ; superiority of the steel-frame building in resist- ing earthquake shocks, 11 ; pro- tection. of steel against fire and corrosion, 12, 13 ; wind - bracing, 13, 14 ; elevated power station, 15 ; suspended stories in a hotel, 15; movable columns and girders, 16; lofty towers—tho Montgomery Ward building, 16; Manhattan Life build- ing, 16 ; Singer tower, 17 ; Metro-