History of Sanitation

List of Illustrations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Page Rebekah at the Well ....... 2 Well at the Rancho Chack ....... 4 Ancient Roman Fountain at Corinth . . . . . 6 The Cisterns at Carthage ...... 7 Pole and Bucket for Raising Water ..... 8 Ruins of Ancient Cisterns ....... 8 Old Roman Water-Wheel ...... 9 Water Carrier with Jar . . . . . g Water Carrier with Goat-Skin Bag . .11 Pool of Siloam 12 Pool of Solomon ......... 13 Aqueduct near Tunis, Leading to Ancient Carthage 14 Ancient Roman Well ........ 15 Ruins of a Roman Aqueduct . . . . .17 Distant View of the Claudia Aqueduct ..... 18 Near View of the Claudia Aqueduct .... 19 Aqueduct in Ruins, Ephesus ....... 20 Roman Aqueduct, Segovia, Spain ...... 22 Water Tower and Roman Ruins, Chester, England . . 23 Roman Water Pipes, made of Bored-out Blocks of Stone . 24 Trophies of Marius.........................................25 Old Roman Lead and Terra Cotta Pipe ..... 26 The Women’s Baths, Pompeii ...... 28 The Cloaca Maxima. From an old woodcut .... 31 The Cloaca Maxima. From a recent photograph ... 32 Egyptian Lady Having Head Sprayed, 1700 B. C. . 33 Greek Women Bathing ...... 34 Greek Bath Tubs........................................... 34 The Roman Aqueduct of Segovia, Spain . 3g Mosaic from Floor of Baths of Caracalla . .37 Ruins of the Baths of Caracalla, Rome......................38 Interior of the Frigidarium, Caracalla.....................39 Outer Row of Baths, Caracalla, Rome........................41 Thermæ of Titus at Rome....................................4ß Clipeus. From an old woodcut ...... 46 Floor Plan of the Baths of Pompeii • 47 Frigidarium. From an old woodcut ■ 48 Atlantes .... Coppers for Heating Water in Roman Baths . .52 Ground Plan of Thermæ of Caracalla.........................55 Hypocaust for Heating Water, Thermæ of Caracalla . . 57 Restoration of Thermæ of Titus. (Restored by Leclerc) . 58 Plan of the Thermæ of Titus, Rome. (Restored by Leclerc) . 59 Sectional Elevation, Thermæ of Titus, Rome . . .60 vii