History of Sanitation

Page 45 Frigidarium, Thermae of Caracalla, Rome. (Restored by Viollet-le-Duc.) ........ 61 46 Interior View of Aqueduct, Lisbon, Portugal ... 62 47 Destroyed Lead Font, Great Plumstead, Norfolk ... 64 48 Leaden Cup, of the time of Vespasian ..... 65 49 Lead Pipehead and Pipe ....... 66 50 Lead Cistern with the Arms of the Fishmongers’ Company . 67 51 Car of Juggernaut ........ 68 52 Distant View of Zempoala Aqueduct, Queretaro, Mexico . 70 53 Near View of Zempoala Aqueduct, Mexico .... 71 54 Zempoala Aqueduct. From an old print .... 72 55 The Oldest Bathroom in the World . . . .76 56 Savery’s Engine ......... 77 57 Newcomen’s Engine ........ 78 58 Pump House, Philadelphia ....... 79 59 Wooden Boilers used in Philadelphia Water Supply . . 80 60 Bored-out Log Pipe, used in British Columbia ... 81 61 Valve for Wooden Pipes used in Philadelphia Water Supply 82 62 Hydrant for Wooden Pipes used in Philadelphia Water Supply 82 63 Modern Vertical Triple-Expansion Pumping Engine . . 83 64 Aqueduct Crossing the Alcantara Valley .... 84 65 Bathing and Burning Hindu Dead at Benares . . .90 66 Map Showing Relation of Cholera and the Broad Street Pump 92 67 York Survey of the Broad Street Pump ..... 101 68 The Fountain of Elisha ........ 108 69 Map Showing Location of Cases of Cholera in Hamburg and Altona .......... 110 70 New York Public Baths ........ 118 71 Bathroom of the Early Seventies . . . . . .119 72 One Stage in the Evolution of the Porcelain Enameled Bath . 120 73 A Slop Sink of Long Ago ....... 120 74 Bath Tub Encased in Woodwork ...... 121 75 An Old Marble-Top Lavatory . . . . . .121 76 A Modern Porcelain Enameled Lavatory .... 122 77 Present Stage in the Evolution of Porcelain Enameled Baths 123 78 A Twentieth Century Bathroom . . . . . .124 viii