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I02
THE SUBMARINE TORPEDO BOAT
Safety
Under the head of safety come many factors which are
interdependent upon other conditions of requirements;
are characteristic of such, and are inherent with type and
design. These matters must be left to the best judgment
and to what experience has taught the constructor for
their solution.
Primarily the hull of the vessel must be designed to
stand an extreme water pressure to which the vessel may
be subjected, allowing an ample factor of safety. The
normal depth of submergence for all tactical purposes will
never be below fifty feet, but provision must be made to
insure against the collapse of the hull in case some unavoid-
able accident should cause this depth to be greatly ex-
ceeded. It is not practical however to design the hull
with sufficient strength to withstand the pressure of water
of whatever depth in which the boat may be navigating,
for now the submarine is called upon to make long cruises
and in deep waters hundreds of miles from the coast.
She may however be expected to spend the greater part
of her time operating along the coast from some base
and it may be possible to take this depth as the basis of
design.
Most of the boats of the present time arc designed to
withstand pressure due to a two hundred foot head of
water using a safety factor of two. This is a reasonable
basis of design and although the boat may be expected to
operate a good part of her time in waters much deeper
it gives the crew a chance to retain control of the vessel
or perhaps leave her before the point of collapse is reached.
At any rate should it be impossible to regain control within