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122
THE SUBMARINE TORPEDO BOAT
considered to be in any way superior or more reliable than
the M.A.N. Diesel built by the New London Ship and
Engine Building Co., and the Sulzer Diesel engine built
by the Busch Bros. Co., and in use on our own boats.
Previous to the outbreak of war all of these boats
were, as a matter of course, thoroughly overhauled and
put in first class condition and maintained ready for in-
stant use. This fact alone accounts for their early suc-
cesses. It has been reported on good authority that the
continued activity of the German submarines is accom-
plished by working them in relays, a certain number
doing duty while the others are being overhauled at
their bases. In this way, after each cruise, which is said
to last from ten days to a fortnight, a boat is given a
thorough overhauling and is therefore ready for work
when her turn comes to put to sea again. It must also
be noted that those submarines which were heard from
most frequently in the early part of the campaign were
the older and smaller type of boats and equipped with
gasoline engines.
Motors and Storage Batteries
At the present time all submarines are propelled under
water by electric induction motors, the electrical energy
being supplied from accumulator cells. Big advancement
has been made in the design of electrical equipment for
submarine installation, especially in the methods of
controls.
The present motors are ruggedly built, have their
armatures mounted upon the main shafting of the en-
gines, and are well insulated. They are of the interpolar,
direct current, ventilated type, capable of running in