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126
THE SUBMARINE TORREDO BOAT
the exposed lead surface to peroxide of lead for the posi-
tive plates, and to spongy lead for the negative plates.
The Pasted plate is manufactured by pressing a pasty
composition of lead and a small percentage of antimony
into the annular spaces of a structural frame formed up
of network. The plates are then subjected to an electro-
chemical process as before, reducing the plates to peroxide
of lead for the positive plates, and to spongy lead for the
negative plates.
The Ironclad plates are formed into positive plates
only. They consist of metal frames supporting hard-
rubber tubes set side by side. The active material is
formed by running antimony lead rods full length in the
center of the rubber tubes which are perforated, and
otherwise filling in the tubes witli red lead. It is then
reduced electro-chemically into peroxide of lead for posi-
tive plates.
In the batteries of the submarines, the Planté positive
plate is used in combination with the Pasted negative
plate, or else the Ironclad plate is used with the Pasted
negative plate, these combinations seeming to give the
most satisfactory results.
The Edison storage battery uses nickel oxide as the
active material for the positive plates, and iron oxide as
the active material for the negative plates. The electro-
lyte used is caustic soda. The positive plates are made
up of a steel frame supporting perforated steel tubes
which contain a quantity of nickel hydrates for forming
the active material. The negative plates are made up of
two perforated steel sheets forming pockets between
them in which is contained iron oxide for the active
material.