The Submarine Torpedo Boat
Its Characteristics And Modern Development

194 THE SUBMARINE TORPEDO BOAT 1909. Foca, Italian, explosion of gas caused by sparking of motors. 13 lives lost. 1909. Kambala, Russian, sank. 20 lives lost. Collision with battle- ship. 1909. C-11, British, collision at night. 13 lives lost. 1910. No. 6, Japan, sank through water entering by leaky main valve. All on board lost, 14. 1911. U-3, German, sank. 27 men on board, all but 3 escaped through torpedo tubes. Ventilator left open. 1912. A-3, British, lack of stability, boat swamped. 14 lives lost. Collision. 1912. Vendémaire, French, sank. All on board lost, 24. Ran down while emerging. 1912. B-2, British, sank. 15 lives lost. Collision at night. 1912. F-1, United States, washed ashore in severe storm at Watson- ville, California, considerable damage to hull and interior of boat by leaking acid from the batteries. Caused by insufficient and faulty moorings. 2 lives lost. 1913. E-5, British, battery explosion. 3 killed. 1913. C-14, English. Ran into by lighter and sunk. No one lost. 1914. A-7, British, lack of stability and reserve bouyancy when ex- ceeding critical speed caused boat to plunge. All lost. 1915. F-4, United states, sunk in 400 feet of water while maneuver- ing. Cause unknown but it is believed that the entire crew was incapacitated immediately accident occurred inasmuch as no signals were sent out nor position marker buoy released. Probable cause battery explosion. It was days before the boat was located and will be very difficult to raise on account of the great depth at which she lies. The first serious accident in the United States Navy. 22 lives lost.